This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.

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Answer
\textbf{T_n = 3n + 2}
7.1 Step 1: Analyze the pattern to determine the number of shaded diamonds at each stage.
Step 2: Calculate the number of shaded diamonds for stage 5. For stage 5, the number of diamonds will be .
Step 3: Create the table.
7.2 The pattern shows that the number of shaded diamonds increases by two for each new stage. Specifically, the number of shaded diamonds is always double the stage number.
8.1 Step 1: Find the common difference between consecutive terms in the sequence. The given numbers are 5, 8, 11, 14. The differences are: The common difference .
Step 2: Use the formula for the -th term of an arithmetic sequence, , where is the first term and is the common difference. Here, and . Substitute these values into the formula:
Step 3: Simplify the expression to find the relationship. The relationship is .
8.2 Step 1: Use the rule found in question 8.1, which is . We need to find the number, so substitute into the rule.
Step 2: Calculate the value of . The number is .
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7.1 Step 1: Analyze the pattern to determine the number of shaded diamonds at each stage.
This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.