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Solve the system of equations: x + 3y = 13 and x2 + 3y2 = 43.

Mathematics

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Here's how to solve the system of equations:

The given equations are:

  1. x+3y=13x + 3y = 13
  2. x2+3y2=43x^2 + 3y^2 = 43
  1. Express xx in terms of yy from equation (1).

    x=13−3yx = 13 - 3y
  2. Substitute this expression for xx into equation (2).

    (13−3y)2+3y2=43(13 - 3y)^2 + 3y^2 = 43
  3. Expand and simplify the equation.

    (132−2⋅13⋅3y+(3y)2)+3y2=43(13^2 - 2 \cdot 13 \cdot 3y + (3y)^2) + 3y^2 = 43 169−78y+9y2+3y2=43169 - 78y + 9y^2 + 3y^2 = 43 12y2−78y+169−43=012y^2 - 78y + 169 - 43 = 0 12y2−78y+126=012y^2 - 78y + 126 = 0
  4. Divide the entire equation by 6 to simplify.

    12y26−78y6+1266=0\frac{12y^2}{6} - \frac{78y}{6} + \frac{126}{6} = 0 2y2−13y+21=02y^2 - 13y + 21 = 0
  5. Solve the quadratic equation for yy.

    We can factor this quadratic equation. We need two numbers that multiply to 2×21=422 \times 21 = 42 and add up to −13-13. These numbers are −6-6 and −7-7.

    2y2−6y−7y+21=02y^2 - 6y - 7y + 21 = 0 2y(y−3)−7(y−3)=02y(y - 3) - 7(y - 3) = 0 (2y−7)(y−3)=0(2y - 7)(y - 3) = 0

    This gives two possible values for yy:
    2y−7=0  ⟹  2y=7  ⟹  y=722y - 7 = 0 \implies 2y = 7 \implies y = \frac{7}{2}
    y−3=0  ⟹  y=3y - 3 = 0 \implies y = 3

  6. Substitute these values of yy back into the expression for xx (x=13−3yx = 13 - 3y) to find the corresponding xx values.

    Case 1: When y=3y = 3

    x=13−3(3)x = 13 - 3(3) x=13−9x = 13 - 9 x=4x = 4

    Case 2: When y=72y = \frac{7}{2}

    x=13−3(72)x = 13 - 3\left(\frac{7}{2}\right) x=13−212x = 13 - \frac{21}{2} x=262−212x = \frac{26}{2} - \frac{21}{2} x=52x = \frac{5}{2}

    The solutions are the pairs (x,y)(x, y):

    (4,3) and (52,72)\boxed{\left(4, 3\right) \text{ and } \left(\frac{5}{2}, \frac{7}{2}\right)}
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