We read your photo as:

Show that y=x is a solution of the differential equation y'' - (1/x)y' + (1/x²)y = 0 and find its general solution.

Mathematics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Answers

2 parts
1
Shown:

y=xy=x is a solution

2

y(x)=c1x+c2xln⁡xy(x) = c_1 x + c_2 x \ln x

Graph of y = x

Use the left and right arrow keys to trace the curve, up and down to jump between key points, and plus and minus to zoom.

Key points of y = x
Pointxy
x-intercept00

Step-by-step solution

5 steps

The problem asks us to first show that y=xy=x is a solution to the given differential equation and then find its general solution.

The differential equation is y′′−1xy′+1x2y=0y'' - \frac{1}{x}y' + \frac{1}{x^2}y = 0.

Part 1· 2 steps

Show that y=xy=x is a solution.

  1. Find the first and second derivatives of y=xy=x.

    Given y=xy = x.
    The first derivative is y′=ddx(x)=1y' = \frac{d}{dx}(x) = 1.
    The second derivative is y′′=ddx(1)=0y'' = \frac{d}{dx}(1) = 0.

  2. Substitute yy, y′y', and y′′y'' into the differential equation.

    Substitute y=xy=x, y′=1y'=1, and y′′=0y''=0 into y′′−1xy′+1x2y=0y'' - \frac{1}{x}y' + \frac{1}{x^2}y = 0:

    0−1x(1)+1x2(x)=00 - \frac{1}{x}(1) + \frac{1}{x^2}(x) = 0 −1x+xx2=0-\frac{1}{x} + \frac{x}{x^2} = 0 −1x+1x=0-\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{x} = 0 0=00 = 0

    Since the equation holds true, y=xy=x is indeed a solution to the differential equation.

Part 2

y(x)=c1x+c2xln⁡xy(x) = c_1 x + c_2 x \ln x

Find the general solution.

We have one solution y1(x)=xy_1(x) = x. We will use the method of reduction of order to find a second linearly independent solution y2(x)y_2(x).
The differential equation is in the form y′′+P(x)y′+Q(x)y=0y'' + P(x)y' + Q(x)y = 0, where P(x)=−1xP(x) = -\frac{1}{x} and Q(x)=1x2Q(x) = \frac{1}{x^2}.

  1. Calculate e−∫P(x)dxe^{-\int P(x) dx}.

    First, find ∫P(x)dx\int P(x) dx:

    ∫P(x)dx=∫−1xdx=−ln⁡∣x∣\int P(x) dx = \int -\frac{1}{x} dx = -\ln|x|

    Then, calculate e−∫P(x)dxe^{-\int P(x) dx}:

    e−∫P(x)dx=e−(−ln⁡∣x∣)=eln⁡∣x∣=∣x∣e^{-\int P(x) dx} = e^{-(-\ln|x|)} = e^{\ln|x|} = |x|

    Assuming x>0x > 0, we have e−∫P(x)dx=xe^{-\int P(x) dx} = x.

  2. Use the reduction of order formula to find y2(x)y_2(x).

    The formula for the second solution y2(x)y_2(x) is:

    y2(x)=y1(x)∫e−∫P(x)dx(y1(x))2dxy_2(x) = y_1(x) \int \frac{e^{-\int P(x) dx}}{(y_1(x))^2} dx

    Substitute y1(x)=xy_1(x) = x and e−∫P(x)dx=xe^{-\int P(x) dx} = x:

    y2(x)=x∫x(x)2dxy_2(x) = x \int \frac{x}{(x)^2} dx y2(x)=x∫xx2dxy_2(x) = x \int \frac{x}{x^2} dx y2(x)=x∫1xdxy_2(x) = x \int \frac{1}{x} dx y2(x)=x(ln⁡∣x∣)y_2(x) = x (\ln|x|)

    Again, assuming x>0x > 0, y2(x)=xln⁡xy_2(x) = x \ln x.

  3. Write the general solution.

    The general solution is a linear combination of the two linearly independent solutions y1(x)y_1(x) and y2(x)y_2(x):

    y(x)=c1y1(x)+c2y2(x)y(x) = c_1 y_1(x) + c_2 y_2(x) y(x)=c1x+c2xln⁡xy(x) = c_1 x + c_2 x \ln x

    The final answer is y(x)=c1x+c2xln⁡x\boxed{y(x) = c_1 x + c_2 x \ln x}.

Was this helpful?

Try one yourself

A new problem that tests the same skill.

Still stuck on this one?

Ask a follow-up, and the answer starts from this question.

Got a different question?Ask your own question