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The interior angle of a regular polygon is 20^ exto more than three times the exterior angle. Find the number of sides of the polygon. 5. Simplify the expression (x2 - 5xy + 6y2)/(18y2 - 2x2).

Mathematics

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4. The interior angle of a regular polygon is 20∘20^\circ more than three times the exterior angle. Find the number of sides of the polygon.

  1. Define the interior and exterior angles.

    Let nn be the number of sides of the regular polygon.
    Let II be the interior angle and EE be the exterior angle.
    The relationship between the interior and exterior angles is I+E=180∘I + E = 180^\circ.
    The given condition is I=3E+20∘I = 3E + 20^\circ.

  2. Solve for the exterior angle EE.

    Substitute I=180∘−EI = 180^\circ - E into the given condition:

    180∘−E=3E+20∘180^\circ - E = 3E + 20^\circ 180∘−20∘=3E+E180^\circ - 20^\circ = 3E + E 160∘=4E160^\circ = 4E E=160∘4E = \frac{160^\circ}{4} E=40∘E = 40^\circ
  3. Find the number of sides nn.

    The formula for the exterior angle of a regular polygon is E=360∘nE = \frac{360^\circ}{n}.
    Substitute the value of EE:

    40∘=360∘n40^\circ = \frac{360^\circ}{n} n=360∘40∘n = \frac{360^\circ}{40^\circ} n=9n = 9

    The number of sides of the polygon is 9\boxed{9}.

    5. Simplify the expression.

    x2−5xy+6y218y2−2x2\frac{x^2 - 5xy + 6y^2}{18y^2 - 2x^2}
  4. Factor the numerator.

    The numerator is a quadratic expression:

    x2−5xy+6y2=(x−2y)(x−3y)x^2 - 5xy + 6y^2 = (x - 2y)(x - 3y)
  5. Factor the denominator.

    The denominator is 18y2−2x218y^2 - 2x^2. Factor out the common term 2:

    18y2−2x2=2(9y2−x2)18y^2 - 2x^2 = 2(9y^2 - x^2)

    Recognize the difference of squares pattern, a2−b2=(a−b)(a+b)a^2 - b^2 = (a-b)(a+b), where a=3ya=3y and b=xb=x:

    2(9y2−x2)=2(3y−x)(3y+x)2(9y^2 - x^2) = 2(3y - x)(3y + x)

    To match a term in the numerator, we can rewrite (3y−x)(3y - x) as −(x−3y)-(x - 3y):

    2(−(x−3y))(3y+x)=−2(x−3y)(x+3y)2(-(x - 3y))(3y + x) = -2(x - 3y)(x + 3y)
  6. Substitute the factored forms into the expression and simplify.

    (x−2y)(x−3y)−2(x−3y)(x+3y)\frac{(x - 2y)(x - 3y)}{-2(x - 3y)(x + 3y)}

    Cancel the common factor (x−3y)(x - 3y):

    x−2y−2(x+3y)\frac{x - 2y}{-2(x + 3y)}

    This can also be written as:

    −(x−2y)2(x+3y)=2y−x2(x+3y)\frac{-(x - 2y)}{2(x + 3y)} = \frac{2y - x}{2(x + 3y)}

    The simplified expression is 2y−x2(x+3y)\boxed{\frac{2y - x}{2(x + 3y)}}.

    6. Solve for x given.

    9x−82×3x=−819^x - 82 \times 3^x = -81
  7. Rewrite the equation in terms of a common base.

    Notice that 9x=(32)x=32x=(3x)29^x = (3^2)^x = 3^{2x} = (3^x)^2.
    Let y=3xy = 3^x. Substitute yy into the equation:

    y2−82y=−81y^2 - 82y = -81
  8. Rearrange into a standard quadratic equation.

    y2−82y+81=0y^2 - 82y + 81 = 0
  9. Solve the quadratic equation for yy.

    Factor the quadratic expression. We need two numbers that multiply to 81 and add to -82. These numbers are -1 and -81.

    (y−1)(y−81)=0(y - 1)(y - 81) = 0

    This gives two possible values for yy:

    y−1=0  ⟹  y=1y - 1 = 0 \implies y = 1 y−81=0  ⟹  y=81y - 81 = 0 \implies y = 81
  10. Substitute back y=3xy = 3^x and solve for xx.

    Case 1: y=1y = 1

    3x=13^x = 1

    Since 30=13^0 = 1, then x=0x = 0.

    Case 2: y=81y = 81

    3x=813^x = 81

    Since 81=3481 = 3^4, then x=4x = 4.
    The solutions for xx are 0 and 4\boxed{0 \text{ and } 4}.

    7. A man on top of a tower 300m sees two cars P and Q on a straight level road. The angle of depression of P was 48∘48^\circ and that of Q was 28∘28^\circ. Calculate the distance between the two cars. (Give your answer to 2.d.p)

  11. Draw a diagram and identify the relevant right-angled triangles.

    Let the height of the tower be H=300H = 300 m.
    Let BB be the base of the tower and TT be the top.
    The angles of depression are measured from the horizontal line at TT.
    The angle of depression to P is 48∘48^\circ, so the angle of elevation from P to T is ∠TPB=48∘\angle TPB = 48^\circ.
    The angle of depression to Q is 28∘28^\circ, so the angle of elevation from Q to T is ∠TQB=28∘\angle TQB = 28^\circ.
    We have two right-angled triangles: △TBP\triangle TBP and △TBQ\triangle TBQ.

  12. Calculate the horizontal distance from the base of the tower to car P (BP).

    In △TBP\triangle TBP:

    tan⁡(∠TPB)=oppositeadjacent=TBBP\tan(\angle TPB) = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{adjacent}} = \frac{TB}{BP} tan⁡(48∘)=300BP\tan(48^\circ) = \frac{300}{BP} BP=300tan⁡(48∘)BP = \frac{300}{\tan(48^\circ)} BP≈3001.1106125≈270.1240 mBP \approx \frac{300}{1.1106125} \approx 270.1240 \text{ m}
  13. Calculate the horizontal distance from the base of the tower to car Q (BQ).

    In △TBQ\triangle TBQ:

    tan⁡(∠TQB)=oppositeadjacent=TBBQ\tan(\angle TQB) = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{adjacent}} = \frac{TB}{BQ} tan⁡(28∘)=300BQ\tan(28^\circ) = \frac{300}{BQ} BQ=300tan⁡(28∘)BQ = \frac{300}{\tan(28^\circ)} BQ≈3000.5317094≈564.2311 mBQ \approx \frac{300}{0.5317094} \approx 564.2311 \text{ m}
  14. Calculate the distance between the two cars (PQ).

    Since P and Q are on a straight level road and P is closer to the tower than Q (because 48∘>28∘48^\circ > 28^\circ), the distance between the cars is the difference between BQ and BP.

    PQ=BQ−BPPQ = BQ - BP PQ≈564.2311−270.1240PQ \approx 564.2311 - 270.1240 PQ≈294.1071 mPQ \approx 294.1071 \text{ m}
  15. Round the answer to 2 decimal places.

    PQ≈294.11 mPQ \approx 294.11 \text{ m}

    The distance between the two cars is 294.11 m\boxed{294.11 \text{ m}}.

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