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To find the radius that minimizes the metal used for a closed cylindrical tin with a given capacity, we need to use calculus.

Mathematics

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Answer

5 cm\text{5 cm}

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

To find the radius that minimizes the metal used for a closed cylindrical tin with a given capacity, we need to use calculus.

Given:

  • Capacity (Volume) of the cylinder, V=250π mlV = 250 \pi \text{ ml}. We assume 1 ml=1 cm31 \text{ ml} = 1 \text{ cm}^3, so V=250π cm3V = 250 \pi \text{ cm}^3.
  • Let rr be the radius and hh be the height of the cylinder.
  1. Write down the formulas for the volume and surface area of a closed cylinder.

    The volume of a cylinder is given by:

    V=πr2hV = \pi r^2 h

    The surface area of a closed cylinder (area of metal used) is given by:

    A=2πr2+2πrhA = 2\pi r^2 + 2\pi rh

    The 2πr22\pi r^2 accounts for the top and bottom circular bases, and 2πrh2\pi rh accounts for the curved side.

  2. Express the height (hh) in terms of the radius (rr) using the given volume.

    We are given V=250π cm3V = 250 \pi \text{ cm}^3.

    250π=πr2h250 \pi = \pi r^2 h

    Divide both sides by π\pi:

    250=r2h250 = r^2 h

    Solve for hh:

    h=250r2h = \frac{250}{r^2}
  3. Substitute the expression for hh into the surface area formula to get AA as a function of rr only.

    A(r)=2πr2+2πr(250r2)A(r) = 2\pi r^2 + 2\pi r \left(\frac{250}{r^2}\right) A(r)=2πr2+500πrr2A(r) = 2\pi r^2 + \frac{500\pi r}{r^2} A(r)=2πr2+500πrA(r) = 2\pi r^2 + \frac{500\pi}{r}
  4. Differentiate the area function A(r)A(r) with respect to rr.

    To find the minimum area, we need to find the critical points by setting the first derivative to zero.

    A(r)=2πr2+500πr−1A(r) = 2\pi r^2 + 500\pi r^{-1} dAdr=ddr(2πr2+500πr−1)\frac{dA}{dr} = \frac{d}{dr}(2\pi r^2 + 500\pi r^{-1}) dAdr=2π(2r)+500π(−1r−2)\frac{dA}{dr} = 2\pi (2r) + 500\pi (-1 r^{-2}) dAdr=4πr−500πr2\frac{dA}{dr} = 4\pi r - \frac{500\pi}{r^2}
  5. Set the derivative dAdr\frac{dA}{dr} to zero and solve for rr.

    4πr−500πr2=04\pi r - \frac{500\pi}{r^2} = 0 4πr=500πr24\pi r = \frac{500\pi}{r^2}

    Divide both sides by π\pi:

    4r=500r24r = \frac{500}{r^2}

    Multiply both sides by r2r^2:

    4r3=5004r^3 = 500 r3=5004r^3 = \frac{500}{4} r3=125r^3 = 125

    Take the cube root of both sides:

    r=1253r = \sqrt[3]{125} r=5 cmr = 5 \text{ cm}
  6. (Optional) Verify that this radius corresponds to a minimum area using the second derivative test.

    d2Adr2=ddr(4πr−500πr−2)\frac{d^2A}{dr^2} = \frac{d}{dr}\left(4\pi r - 500\pi r^{-2}\right) d2Adr2=4π−500π(−2r−3)\frac{d^2A}{dr^2} = 4\pi - 500\pi (-2 r^{-3}) d2Adr2=4π+1000πr3\frac{d^2A}{dr^2} = 4\pi + \frac{1000\pi}{r^3}

    Substitute r=5r=5:

    d2Adr2=4π+1000π(5)3\frac{d^2A}{dr^2} = 4\pi + \frac{1000\pi}{(5)^3} d2Adr2=4π+1000π125\frac{d^2A}{dr^2} = 4\pi + \frac{1000\pi}{125} d2Adr2=4π+8π\frac{d^2A}{dr^2} = 4\pi + 8\pi d2Adr2=12π\frac{d^2A}{dr^2} = 12\pi

    Since 12π>012\pi > 0, the surface area is indeed a minimum at r=5 cmr=5 \text{ cm}.

    The radius of the tin that minimizes the metal used is 5 cm\text{5 cm}.

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