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Two skilled and three unskilled labourers cost sh. 3 500 per day. Three skilled and four unskilled labourers cost sh. 5 000 per day. Find the cost of hiring each skilled and unskilled labourer.

Mathematics

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Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Define variables and set up the system of equations.

    Let ss be the cost of hiring one skilled labourer per day.
    Let uu be the cost of hiring one unskilled labourer per day.

    From the problem statement, we can form two linear equations:
    The cost for two skilled and three unskilled labourers is sh. 3 500:

    2s+3u=3500(1)2s + 3u = 3500 \quad (1)

    The cost for three skilled and four unskilled labourers is sh. 5 000:

    3s+4u=5000(2)3s + 4u = 5000 \quad (2)
  2. Solve the system of equations using the elimination method.

    Multiply equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 2 to make the coefficients of ss equal:

    3×(2s+3u)=3×3500  ⟹  6s+9u=10500(3)3 \times (2s + 3u) = 3 \times 3500 \implies 6s + 9u = 10500 \quad (3) 2×(3s+4u)=2×5000  ⟹  6s+8u=10000(4)2 \times (3s + 4u) = 2 \times 5000 \implies 6s + 8u = 10000 \quad (4)
  3. Subtract equation (4) from equation (3) to eliminate ss and solve for uu.

    (6s+9u)−(6s+8u)=10500−10000(6s + 9u) - (6s + 8u) = 10500 - 10000 u=500u = 500
  4. Substitute the value of uu back into equation (1) to solve for ss.

    2s+3(500)=35002s + 3(500) = 3500 2s+1500=35002s + 1500 = 3500 2s=3500−15002s = 3500 - 1500 2s=20002s = 2000 s=1000s = 1000

    The cost of hiring each skilled labourer is sh. 1000 per day, and the cost of hiring each unskilled labourer is sh. 500 per day.

    The cost of hiring a skilled labourer is sh. 1000\boxed{\text{sh. 1000}} per day.
    The cost of hiring an unskilled labourer is sh. 500\boxed{\text{sh. 500}} per day.

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