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A point charge of 17.7 pC is at the center of a cube. What is the electric flux through one face of the cube?

Physics

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Answer

13 N m2 C−1\frac{1}{3} \text{ N m}^2 \text{ C}^{-1}

Step-by-step solution

3 steps
  1. Identify the given charge and the constant for permittivity of free space.

    The charge q=17.7 pCq = 17.7 \text{ pC}. Convert picocoulombs to coulombs:

    q=17.7×10−12 Cq = 17.7 \times 10^{-12} \text{ C}

    The permittivity of free space is ϵ0=8.85×10−12 C2 N−1 m−2\epsilon_0 = 8.85 \times 10^{-12} \text{ C}^2 \text{ N}^{-1} \text{ m}^{-2}.

  2. Calculate the total electric flux through the entire cube using Gauss's Law.

    Gauss's Law states that the total electric flux (Φtotal\Phi_{\text{total}}) through a closed surface is equal to the total enclosed charge (qq) divided by the permittivity of free space (ϵ0\epsilon_0).

    Φtotal=qϵ0\Phi_{\text{total}} = \frac{q}{\epsilon_0}

    Substitute the values:

    Φtotal=17.7×10−12 C8.85×10−12 C2 N−1 m−2\Phi_{\text{total}} = \frac{17.7 \times 10^{-12} \text{ C}}{8.85 \times 10^{-12} \text{ C}^2 \text{ N}^{-1} \text{ m}^{-2}} Φtotal=17.78.85 N m2 C−1\Phi_{\text{total}} = \frac{17.7}{8.85} \text{ N m}^2 \text{ C}^{-1} Φtotal=2 N m2 C−1\Phi_{\text{total}} = 2 \text{ N m}^2 \text{ C}^{-1}
  3. Calculate the electric flux through each face of the cube.

    A cube has 6 identical faces. Since the charge is placed at the center of the cube, the total electric flux is distributed equally among all 6 faces.
    The flux through one face (Φface\Phi_{\text{face}}) is:

    Φface=Φtotal6\Phi_{\text{face}} = \frac{\Phi_{\text{total}}}{6} Φface=2 N m2 C−16\Phi_{\text{face}} = \frac{2 \text{ N m}^2 \text{ C}^{-1}}{6} Φface=13 N m2 C−1\Phi_{\text{face}} = \frac{1}{3} \text{ N m}^2 \text{ C}^{-1}

    The electric flux emerging from each face of the cube is 13 N m2 C−1\frac{1}{3} \text{ N m}^2 \text{ C}^{-1}.

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