A projectile is launched from ground level at an angle of 35° above the horizontal. It passes through a point that is 15 meters high and 30 meters away horizontally from the launch point. Using only the kinematic equations of projectile motion, find the initial velocity of the projectile.

Physics

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Answer

33.1 m/s\text{33.1 m/s}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Write down the kinematic equations for horizontal and vertical motion.

    The horizontal displacement xx is given by:

    x=(v0cos⁡θ)tx = (v_0 \cos \theta) t

    The vertical displacement yy is given by:

    y=(v0sin⁡θ)t−12gt2y = (v_0 \sin \theta) t - \frac{1}{2} g t^2

    We are given x=30x = 30 m, y=15y = 15 m, θ=35∘\theta = 35^\circ, and g=9.8g = 9.8 m/s2^2. We need to find v0v_0.

  2. Express time tt from the horizontal motion equation.

    From the horizontal motion equation:

    30=(v0cos⁡35∘)t30 = (v_0 \cos 35^\circ) t t=30v0cos⁡35∘t = \frac{30}{v_0 \cos 35^\circ}
  3. Substitute the expression for tt into the vertical motion equation.

    15=(v0sin⁡35∘)(30v0cos⁡35∘)−12(9.8)(30v0cos⁡35∘)215 = (v_0 \sin 35^\circ) \left( \frac{30}{v_0 \cos 35^\circ} \right) - \frac{1}{2} (9.8) \left( \frac{30}{v_0 \cos 35^\circ} \right)^2
  4. Simplify the equation and solve for v0v_0.

    15=30sin⁡35∘cos⁡35∘−4.9302(v0cos⁡35∘)215 = 30 \frac{\sin 35^\circ}{\cos 35^\circ} - 4.9 \frac{30^2}{(v_0 \cos 35^\circ)^2} 15=30tan⁡35∘−4.9×900v02cos⁡235∘15 = 30 \tan 35^\circ - \frac{4.9 \times 900}{v_0^2 \cos^2 35^\circ} 15=30tan⁡35∘−4410v02cos⁡235∘15 = 30 \tan 35^\circ - \frac{4410}{v_0^2 \cos^2 35^\circ}

    Rearrange to solve for v02v_0^2:

    4410v02cos⁡235∘=30tan⁡35∘−15\frac{4410}{v_0^2 \cos^2 35^\circ} = 30 \tan 35^\circ - 15 v02=4410(30tan⁡35∘−15)cos⁡235∘v_0^2 = \frac{4410}{(30 \tan 35^\circ - 15) \cos^2 35^\circ}

    Now, calculate the numerical values:
    tan⁡35∘≈0.7002\tan 35^\circ \approx 0.7002
    cos⁡35∘≈0.81915\cos 35^\circ \approx 0.81915
    cos⁡235∘≈(0.81915)2≈0.6709\cos^2 35^\circ \approx (0.81915)^2 \approx 0.6709
    Substitute these values:

    v02=4410(30×0.7002−15)×0.6709v_0^2 = \frac{4410}{(30 \times 0.7002 - 15) \times 0.6709} v02=4410(21.006−15)×0.6709v_0^2 = \frac{4410}{(21.006 - 15) \times 0.6709} v02=4410(6.006)×0.6709v_0^2 = \frac{4410}{(6.006) \times 0.6709} v02=44104.0306v_0^2 = \frac{4410}{4.0306} v02≈1094.1v_0^2 \approx 1094.1 v0=1094.1v_0 = \sqrt{1094.1} v0≈33.077 m/sv_0 \approx 33.077 \text{ m/s}

    The initial velocity of the projectile is approximately 33.1 m/s\text{33.1 m/s}.

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