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A rectangular object has a length of (250 ± 1) mm and a width of (200 ± 1) mm. Calculate the fractional uncertainty in length and width, and the percentage error in length.

Physics

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5 parts
a
0.004
b
0.005
c

0.4%0.4\%

d

0.5%0.5\%

e

(50000±450) mm2(50000 \pm 450) \text{ mm}^2

Step-by-step solution

8 steps

Let's denote the length as LL and the width as WW.
Given:
Length L=(250±1) mmL = (250 \pm 1) \text{ mm}
Width W=(200±1) mmW = (200 \pm 1) \text{ mm}

From these values:
Nominal length L0=250 mmL_0 = 250 \text{ mm}
Absolute uncertainty in length ΔL=1 mm\Delta L = 1 \text{ mm}
Nominal width W0=200 mmW_0 = 200 \text{ mm}
Absolute uncertainty in width ΔW=1 mm\Delta W = 1 \text{ mm}

Part a· 1 step

What is the fractional uncertainty in its length?

  1. Calculate the fractional uncertainty in length.

    The fractional uncertainty is given by ΔLL0\frac{\Delta L}{L_0}.

    Fractional uncertainty in length=1 mm250 mm\text{Fractional uncertainty in length} = \frac{1 \text{ mm}}{250 \text{ mm}} Fractional uncertainty in length=0.004\text{Fractional uncertainty in length} = 0.004

    The fractional uncertainty in its length is 0.004\boxed{0.004}.

Part b0.005

What is the fractional uncertainty in its width?

  1. Calculate the fractional uncertainty in width.

    The fractional uncertainty is given by ΔWW0\frac{\Delta W}{W_0}.

    Fractional uncertainty in width=1 mm200 mm\text{Fractional uncertainty in width} = \frac{1 \text{ mm}}{200 \text{ mm}} Fractional uncertainty in width=0.005\text{Fractional uncertainty in width} = 0.005

    The fractional uncertainty in its width is 0.005\boxed{0.005}.

Part c

0.4%0.4\%

What is the percentage error on its length?

  1. Calculate the percentage error in length.

    The percentage error is the fractional uncertainty multiplied by 100%100\%.

    Percentage error in length=ΔLL0×100%\text{Percentage error in length} = \frac{\Delta L}{L_0} \times 100\% Percentage error in length=0.004×100%\text{Percentage error in length} = 0.004 \times 100\% Percentage error in length=0.4%\text{Percentage error in length} = 0.4\%

    The percentage error on its length is 0.4%\boxed{0.4\%}.

Part d

0.5%0.5\%

What is the percentage error on its width?

  1. Calculate the percentage error in width.

    Percentage error in width=ΔWW0×100%\text{Percentage error in width} = \frac{\Delta W}{W_0} \times 100\% Percentage error in width=0.005×100%\text{Percentage error in width} = 0.005 \times 100\% Percentage error in width=0.5%\text{Percentage error in width} = 0.5\%

    The percentage error on its width is 0.5%\boxed{0.5\%}.

Part e

(50000±450) mm2(50000 \pm 450) \text{ mm}^2

What is the area of one side of the book? State your answer with its uncertainty.

  1. Calculate the nominal area (A0A_0).

    The area of one side of the book is A=L×WA = L \times W.

    A0=L0×W0A_0 = L_0 \times W_0 A0=250 mm×200 mmA_0 = 250 \text{ mm} \times 200 \text{ mm} A0=50000 mm2A_0 = 50000 \text{ mm}^2
  2. Calculate the fractional uncertainty in the area (ΔAA0\frac{\Delta A}{A_0}).

    For multiplication, the fractional uncertainties add up:

    ΔAA0=ΔLL0+ΔWW0\frac{\Delta A}{A_0} = \frac{\Delta L}{L_0} + \frac{\Delta W}{W_0} ΔAA0=0.004+0.005\frac{\Delta A}{A_0} = 0.004 + 0.005 ΔAA0=0.009\frac{\Delta A}{A_0} = 0.009
  3. Calculate the absolute uncertainty in the area (ΔA\Delta A).

    ΔA=A0×(ΔAA0)\Delta A = A_0 \times \left(\frac{\Delta A}{A_0}\right) ΔA=50000 mm2×0.009\Delta A = 50000 \text{ mm}^2 \times 0.009 ΔA=450 mm2\Delta A = 450 \text{ mm}^2
  4. State the area with its uncertainty.

    A=(A0±ΔA)A = (A_0 \pm \Delta A) A=(50000±450) mm2A = (50000 \pm 450) \text{ mm}^2

    The area of one side of the book is (50000±450) mm2\boxed{(50000 \pm 450) \text{ mm}^2}.

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