Elucidate the history of The Last and present of the Universe.

a) Three types of energy:

• Kinetic energy: The energy an object possesses due to its motion. The faster an object moves, or the greater its mass, the more kinetic energy it has.
• Potential energy: The energy an object possesses due to its position or state. Examples include gravitational potential energy (due to height) and elastic potential energy (stored in a stretched spring).
• Thermal energy: The internal energy of a system due to the microscopic motion of its particles (atoms and molecules). It is related to temperature.

b) Energy transformation (or energy conversion) is the process of changing energy from one form to another. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

• Example: When a light bulb is switched on, electrical energy is transformed into light energy and thermal energy.