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2 parts
b

1500 mizunguko\text{1500 mizunguko}

c

80%80\%

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

ITEM 6

a) Kifaa hiki kitatoa nguvu inayolingana na matumizi yao kwa kutumia kanuni ya transformer. Transformer hupunguza voltage ya pembejeo (240V) hadi voltage ya pato inayohitajika (120V) kwa kutumia coils mbili za waya zilizofungwa kwenye msingi wa chuma laini. Coil ya msingi (primary coil) huunganishwa na chanzo cha nguvu, na coil ya sekondari (secondary coil) hutoa voltage ya pato. Uwiano wa idadi ya mizunguko katika coils huamua uwiano wa voltage. Kwa kupunguza voltage, transformer huongeza mkondo wa umeme (current) ili kudumisha nguvu, hivyo kutoa nguvu inayohitajika kwa vifaa vya kulehemu.

Part b· 3 steps

Ili kubaini idadi ya mizunguko kwenye sehemu ya pato (secondary coil), tunatumia uwiano wa voltage na mizunguko ya transformer

  1. Andika formula ya transformer inayohusisha voltage na idadi ya mizunguko.

    VpVs=NpNs\frac{V_p}{V_s} = \frac{N_p}{N_s}

    Ambapo VpV_p ni voltage ya msingi, VsV_s ni voltage ya sekondari, NpN_p ni idadi ya mizunguko ya msingi, na NsN_s ni idadi ya mizunguko ya sekondari.

  2. Badilisha maadili uliyopewa kwenye formula.

    Tunapewa Vp=240 VV_p = 240\,V, Np=3000N_p = 3000 mizunguko, na Vs=120 VV_s = 120\,V. Tunatafuta NsN_s.

    240 V120 V=3000Ns\frac{240\,V}{120\,V} = \frac{3000}{N_s}

  3. Tatua kwa NsN_s.

    2=3000Ns2 = \frac{3000}{N_s} Ns=30002N_s = \frac{3000}{2} Ns=1500 mizungukoN_s = \boxed{\text{1500 mizunguko}}

Part c

80%80\%

Ili kutoa maoni juu ya ufanisi wa kifaa, tunatumia formula ya ufanisi (η\eta) na uwiano wa mkondo wa umeme uliotolewa.

  1. Andika formula ya ufanisi wa transformer.

    η=PpatoPpembejeo×100%=VsIsVpIp×100%\eta = \frac{P_{pato}}{P_{pembejeo}} \times 100\% = \frac{V_s I_s}{V_p I_p} \times 100\%

    Tunapewa uwiano wa mkondo wa umeme wa pato kwa mkondo wa umeme wa pembejeo, IsIp=1.6\frac{I_s}{I_p} = 1.6.

  2. Badilisha maadili ya voltage na uwiano wa mkondo wa umeme kwenye formula.

    η=120 V240 V×1.6×100%\eta = \frac{120\,V}{240\,V} \times 1.6 \times 100\%

  3. Kokotoa ufanisi.

    η=0.5×1.6×100%\eta = 0.5 \times 1.6 \times 100\% η=0.8×100%\eta = 0.8 \times 100\% η=80%\eta = \boxed{80\%}

    Kifaa kina ufanisi wa 80%. Hii ina maana kwamba 20% ya nguvu ya pembejeo inapotea, hasa kama joto, kutokana na upotevu wa nishati ndani ya transformer. Ingawa 80% ni ufanisi mzuri, si kamilifu.

Part d

Ili kuboresha ufanisi wa kifaa, welders wanaweza kufanya yafuatayo

  • Tumia msingi wa chuma laini uliowekwa tabaka (laminated soft iron core) ili kupunguza upotevu wa nishati unaosababishwa na mikondo ya eddy.
  • Tumia waya nene za shaba kwa coils ili kupunguza upotevu wa joto kutokana na upinzani wa waya (I2RI^2R losses).
  • Hakikisha coils za msingi na sekondari zimefungwa karibu sana ili kupunguza uvujaji wa flux ya sumaku.
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