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Calculate the combined resistance of the 2 and 3 resistors.

Physics

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  1. Calculate the combined resistance of the 2 Ω2\,\Omega and 3 Ω3\,\Omega resistors.

    These two resistors are connected in parallel.

    Rp=R1×R2R1+R2R_{p} = \frac{R_1 \times R_2}{R_1 + R_2} Rp=2 Ω×3 Ω2 Ω+3 ΩR_{p} = \frac{2\,\Omega \times 3\,\Omega}{2\,\Omega + 3\,\Omega} Rp=6 Ω25 ΩR_{p} = \frac{6\,\Omega^2}{5\,\Omega} Rp=1.2 ΩR_{p} = 1.2\,\Omega

    The combined resistance of the 2 Ω2\,\Omega and 3 Ω3\,\Omega resistors is 1.2 \Omega\boxed{\text{1.2\,\Omega}}.

  2. Calculate the total resistance in the circuit when the switch is closed.

    The equivalent resistance of the parallel combination (Rp=1.2 ΩR_p = 1.2\,\Omega) is in series with the 6 Ω6\,\Omega resistor.

    Rtotal=Rp+RseriesR_{total} = R_p + R_{series} Rtotal=1.2 Ω+6 ΩR_{total} = 1.2\,\Omega + 6\,\Omega Rtotal=7.2 ΩR_{total} = 7.2\,\Omega

    The total resistance in the circuit when the switch is closed is 7.2 \Omega\boxed{\text{7.2\,\Omega}}.

  3. Calculate the potential difference across the 2 Ω2\,\Omega resistor.

    First, calculate the total current (ItotalI_{total}) flowing from the 12 V12\,V source using Ohm's Law.

    Itotal=VsourceRtotalI_{total} = \frac{V_{source}}{R_{total}} Itotal=12 V7.2 ΩI_{total} = \frac{12\,V}{7.2\,\Omega} Itotal=12072 AI_{total} = \frac{120}{72}\,A Itotal=53 AI_{total} = \frac{5}{3}\,A

    The potential difference across the parallel combination (VpV_p) is the product of the total current and the equivalent parallel resistance. The 2 Ω2\,\Omega resistor is part of this parallel combination, so the potential difference across it is VpV_p.

    Vp=Itotal×RpV_p = I_{total} \times R_p Vp=53 A×1.2 ΩV_p = \frac{5}{3}\,A \times 1.2\,\Omega Vp=53 A×65 ΩV_p = \frac{5}{3}\,A \times \frac{6}{5}\,\Omega Vp=2 VV_p = 2\,V

    The potential difference across the 2 Ω2\,\Omega resistor is 2 V\boxed{\text{2\,V}}.

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