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Complete the table for the values of sin i and sin r, draw the graph of sin i against sin r, and determine the slope.

Physics

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Here's the solution to question 22:

I) Complete the table for the values of sin⁡i\sin i and sin⁡r\sin r.

iirrsin⁡i\sin isin⁡r\sin r
20∘20^\circ12.7∘12.7^\circ0.3420.219
30∘30^\circ18.9∘18.9^\circ0.5000.324
40∘40^\circ25.0∘25.0^\circ0.6430.423
50∘50^\circ30.0∘30.0^\circ0.7660.500
60∘60^\circ34.0∘34.0^\circ0.8660.559
70∘70^\circ37.0∘37.0^\circ0.9400.602

II) Draw the graph of sin⁡i\sin i (y-axis) against sin⁡r\sin r (x-axis).
Plot the values from the completed table with sin⁡r\sin r on the x-axis and sin⁡i\sin i on the y-axis. The graph should be a straight line passing through the origin.

III) Determine the slope of the graph. What does it represent?

  1. Calculate the ratio sin⁡isin⁡r\frac{\sin i}{\sin r} for each pair of values.

    This ratio represents the refractive index (nn).

    • For i=20∘i=20^\circ: 0.3420.219≈1.562\frac{0.342}{0.219} \approx 1.562
    • For i=30∘i=30^\circ: 0.5000.324≈1.543\frac{0.500}{0.324} \approx 1.543
    • For i=40∘i=40^\circ: 0.6430.423≈1.520\frac{0.643}{0.423} \approx 1.520
    • For i=50∘i=50^\circ: 0.7660.500=1.532\frac{0.766}{0.500} = 1.532
    • For i=60∘i=60^\circ: 0.8660.559≈1.549\frac{0.866}{0.559} \approx 1.549
    • For i=70∘i=70^\circ: 0.9400.602≈1.561\frac{0.940}{0.602} \approx 1.561
  2. Calculate the average of these ratios to find the slope (refractive index).

    n=1.562+1.543+1.520+1.532+1.549+1.5616=9.2676≈1.5445n = \frac{1.562 + 1.543 + 1.520 + 1.532 + 1.549 + 1.561}{6} = \frac{9.267}{6} \approx 1.5445

    The slope of the graph is approximately 1.54\boxed{1.54}.
    The slope represents the refractive index of the glass.

    IV) Use the results in b (III) to calculate the velocity of light in glass, given that velocity of light in vacuum is 3.0×1083.0 \times 10^8 m/s.

  3. Use the formula for refractive index

    n = \frac{\text{velocity of light in vacuum (c)}}{\text{velocity of light in glass (v_g)}}.

    n=cvgn = \frac{c}{v_g}
  4. Rearrange the formula to solve for vgv_g.

    vg=cnv_g = \frac{c}{n}
  5. Substitute the given values and the calculated refractive index.

    vg=3.0×108 m/s1.5445v_g = \frac{3.0 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{1.5445} vg≈1.9423×108 m/sv_g \approx 1.9423 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}

    Rounding to three significant figures:
    The velocity of light in glass is 1.94×108 m/s\boxed{1.94 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}.

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