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Calculate the decay constant (lambda) for a radioactive substance with a half-life of 2 minutes.

Physics

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Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Convert the half-life from minutes to seconds.

    The given half-life (T1/2T_{1/2}) is 2 minutes.

    T1/2=2 minutes×60 seconds1 minute=120 sT_{1/2} = 2 \, \text{minutes} \times \frac{60 \, \text{seconds}}{1 \, \text{minute}} = 120 \, \text{s}
  2. Use the formula relating half-life and decay constant.

    The relationship between the half-life (T1/2T_{1/2}) and the decay constant (λ\lambda) is given by:

    T1/2=ln⁡(2)λT_{1/2} = \frac{\ln(2)}{\lambda}
  3. Rearrange the formula to solve for the decay constant (λ\lambda).

    λ=ln⁡(2)T1/2\lambda = \frac{\ln(2)}{T_{1/2}}
  4. Substitute the values and calculate the decay constant.

    We know that ln⁡(2)≈0.693\ln(2) \approx 0.693.

    λ=0.693120 s\lambda = \frac{0.693}{120 \, \text{s}} λ≈0.005775 s−1\lambda \approx 0.005775 \, \text{s}^{-1}
  5. Express the decay constant in scientific notation and compare with the given options.

    λ≈5.775×10−3 s−1\lambda \approx 5.775 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{s}^{-1}

    Rounding to two significant figures, we get:

    λ≈5.8×10−3 s−1\lambda \approx 5.8 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{s}^{-1}

    This matches option D.

    The decay constant is \boxed{\text{5.8 \times 10^{-3} s^{-1}}}.

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