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Differentiate between progressive waves and stationary waves, and solve a physics problem involving a falling child.

Physics

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ii

4 seconds4 \text{ seconds}

19.6 m19.6 \text{ m}

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here are the solutions for questions 4 and 5:

4. Differentiate between progressive waves and stationary waves

Part i

Amplitude of vibration of the particles of the medium

  • In a progressive wave, all particles of the medium vibrate with the same amplitude (assuming no energy loss).
  • In a stationary wave, the amplitude of vibration varies with position. It is zero at the nodes and maximum at the antinodes.

Part ii

4 seconds4 \text{ seconds}

Phase of vibration of the particles of the medium

  • In a progressive wave, the phase of vibration changes continuously from one particle to the next. Particles at different positions have different phases.
  • In a stationary wave, all particles between two consecutive nodes vibrate in phase. Particles on opposite sides of a node vibrate out of phase (180° phase difference).

5. A 'supper man' is sitting on a tree...

Let H=98 mH = 98 \text{ m} be the initial height of the child.
Let g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2 be the acceleration due to gravity.
Let tt be the time in seconds from when the child starts falling.

  1. Determine the child's motion.

    The child falls with an initial velocity of uc=0 m/su_c = 0 \text{ m/s}.
    The distance fallen by the child after time tt is dc=uct+12gt2d_c = u_c t + \frac{1}{2}gt^2.

    dc=0⋅t+12(9.8)t2d_c = 0 \cdot t + \frac{1}{2}(9.8)t^2 dc=4.9t2d_c = 4.9t^2

    The height of the child from the ground at time tt is hc=H−dch_c = H - d_c.

    hc=98−4.9t2h_c = 98 - 4.9t^2
  2. Determine the 'Supper man's' motion.

    The 'Supper man' starts flying 2 seconds after the child falls.
    So, the time the 'Supper man' flies is tSM=t−2t_{SM} = t - 2 (for t≥2t \ge 2).
    The 'Supper man' flies at a constant speed of vSM=39.2 m/sv_{SM} = 39.2 \text{ m/s}.
    The distance covered by the 'Supper man' is dSM=vSM⋅tSMd_{SM} = v_{SM} \cdot t_{SM}.

    dSM=39.2(t−2)d_{SM} = 39.2(t-2)

    The height of the 'Supper man' from the ground at time tt is hSM=H−dSMh_{SM} = H - d_{SM}.

    hSM=98−39.2(t−2)h_{SM} = 98 - 39.2(t-2)
  3. Calculate the time when the 'Supper man' catches the child.

    The 'Supper man' catches the child when their heights are equal, i.e., hc=hSMh_c = h_{SM}.

    98−4.9t2=98−39.2(t−2)98 - 4.9t^2 = 98 - 39.2(t-2) 4.9t2=39.2(t−2)4.9t^2 = 39.2(t-2) 4.9t2=39.2t−78.44.9t^2 = 39.2t - 78.4

    Rearrange into a quadratic equation:

    4.9t2−39.2t+78.4=04.9t^2 - 39.2t + 78.4 = 0

    Divide the entire equation by 4.9:

    4.9t24.9−39.2t4.9+78.44.9=0\frac{4.9t^2}{4.9} - \frac{39.2t}{4.9} + \frac{78.4}{4.9} = 0 t2−8t+16=0t^2 - 8t + 16 = 0

    This is a perfect square trinomial:

    (t−4)2=0(t-4)^2 = 0 t=4 st = 4 \text{ s}

    The 'Supper man' catches the child after 4 seconds\boxed{4 \text{ seconds}} from when the child started falling.

  4. Calculate the height from the ground where the child is caught.

    Substitute t=4 st=4 \text{ s} into the child's height equation:

    hc=98−4.9t2h_c = 98 - 4.9t^2 hc=98−4.9(4)2h_c = 98 - 4.9(4)^2 hc=98−4.9(16)h_c = 98 - 4.9(16) hc=98−78.4h_c = 98 - 78.4 hc=19.6 mh_c = 19.6 \text{ m}

    The child is caught at a height of 19.6 m\boxed{19.6 \text{ m}} from the ground.

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