Factors that affect projectile motion

The primary factors affecting projectile motion are:

1. Initial Velocity: This includes both the initial speed and the angle of projection. A higher initial speed generally leads to a greater range and maximum height. The angle of projection determines the trajectory shape and how the horizontal and vertical components of velocity are distributed.

2. Acceleration due to Gravity ($g$): This is the constant downward acceleration that acts on the projectile throughout its flight. It causes the vertical velocity to change and dictates the parabolic shape of the trajectory.

3. Air Resistance: In real-world scenarios, air resistance (drag) opposes the motion of the projectile. It depends on factors like the projectile's speed, shape, size, and the density of the air. Air resistance reduces both the range and the maximum height compared to ideal projectile motion (where air resistance is ignored).