Given: Focal length f = 40 cm (converging lens, so positive), object distance u = 160 cm.

ITEM 2 a) Find the nature, size, and position of the image of the boy on the camera. Step 1: Determine the image position (v) using the lens formula. Given: Focal length f = 40 cm (converging lens, so positive), object distance u = 160 cm. The lens formula is: (1)/(f) = (1)/(u) + (1)/(v) Substitute the given values: (1)/(40 cm) = (1)/(160 cm) + (1)/(v) Rearrange to solve for (1)/(v): (1)/(v) = (1)/(40 cm) - (1)/(160 cm) Find a common denominator: (1)/(v) = (4)/(160 cm) - (1)/(160 cm) Subtract the fractions: (1)/(v) = (3)/(160 cm) Invert to find v: v = (160)/(3) cm v ≈ 53.33 cm The position of the image is 53.33 cm from the lens on the opposite side of the object. Step 2: Determine the magnification (M) and image size (h_i). Given: Object height h_o = 120 cm. The magnification formula is: M = -(v)/(u) = (h_i)/(h_o) Substitute the values for v and u: M = -160/3 cm160 cm M = -(1)/(3) Now, calculate the image height h_i: h_i = M × h_o h_i = -(1)/(3) × 120 cm h_i = -40 cm The size of the image is 40 cm. Step 3: Determine the nature of the image. Since v is positive, the image is formed on the opposite side of the lens from the object, indicating a real image. Since M is negative, the image is inverted. Since |M| = (1)/(3) < 1, the image is diminished. The nature of the image is real, inverted, and diminished. b) Explain to your fellow students and the literature teacher the cause of the problem and the would-be possible solution to the above problem. The student's inability to see clearly both near objects (letters in books) and distant objects (board and teacher) suggests a severe refractive error. The most common cause for such symptoms is myopia (short-sightedness), where the eye's lens or cornea is too curved, or the eyeball is too long. This causes light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it, resulting in blurry vision for distant objects and potentially near objects if the condition is severe. The solution to this problem is to correct the refractive error using concave lenses (diverging lenses). These lenses diverge the light rays before they enter the eye, effectively shifting the focal point backward onto the retina, allowing the student to see clearly. The student should visit an optometrist or ophthalmologist for an eye examination to get a precise prescription for corrective eyeglasses or contact lenses. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.