I. Light is quantized means that light energy is not continuous but exists in discrete packets called photons. The energy of each photon is directly proportional to its frequency.

Here is the solution to question 12:

a)
i. Light is quantized means that light energy is not continuous but exists in discrete packets called photons. The energy of each photon is directly proportional to its frequency.

ii. The work function ($\phi$) is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from the surface of a metal.

iii.

Step 1: Identify the given values and the relevant formula.
Given:
Frequency of incident light, $f = 5.4 \times 10^{14} \text{ Hz}$
Maximum kinetic energy of photoelectron, $KE_{max} = 1.2 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}$
Planck's constant