Which of the poles of the magnet, labelled (c) and (d) in Figure 1, are North and South poles? Briefly state the function of the parts of the AC motor listed above (coil, magnets, carbon brushes and split rings/commutator) next to their names.

The lamp has a power ($P$) of $24 \text{ W}$ and operates at a voltage ($V$) of $6 \text{ V}$.

The formula relating power, voltage, and current is $P = VI$.
Rearranging for current ($I$):

The current taken by the lamp is $\boxed{\text{4 A}}$.

The primary voltage ($V_p$) is $240 \text{ V}$.
The secondary voltage ($V_s$) is $6 \text{ V}$ (the lamp's operating voltage).

For an ideal transformer, the ratio of primary to secondary turns ($N_p/N_s$) is equal to the ratio of primary to secondary voltages ($V_p/V_s$):

The turns ratio of the transformer is $\boxed{40:1}$.