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Calculate the speed of sound at 25°C given the speed at 0°C is 1000 m/s, assuming speed is proportional to the square root of absolute temperature.

Physics

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Step-by-step solution

4 steps

The speed of sound in a medium is generally dependent on its temperature. For many materials, especially in introductory physics, the speed of sound is approximated to be proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature.

  1. Convert the given temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin.

    The absolute temperature TKT_K is calculated by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature TCT_C.
    Initial temperature: T0=0∘C=0+273.15=273.15 KT_0 = 0^\circ \text{C} = 0 + 273.15 = 273.15 \text{ K}
    Final temperature: T=25∘C=25+273.15=298.15 KT = 25^\circ \text{C} = 25 + 273.15 = 298.15 \text{ K}

  2. Use the formula relating the speed of sound to absolute temperature.

    The speed of sound vv is proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature TT:

    v∝Tv \propto \sqrt{T}

    Therefore, we can write the ratio of speeds at two different temperatures as:

    vTv0=TT0\frac{v_T}{v_0} = \sqrt{\frac{T}{T_0}}

    Where v0v_0 is the speed at T0T_0, and vTv_T is the speed at TT.

  3. Substitute the given values and calculate the speed of sound at 25∘C25^\circ \text{C}.

    Given v0=1000 ms−1v_0 = 1000 \text{ ms}^{-1} at T0=273.15 KT_0 = 273.15 \text{ K}. We need to find vTv_T at T=298.15 KT = 298.15 \text{ K}.

    vT=v0TT0v_T = v_0 \sqrt{\frac{T}{T_0}} vT=1000 ms−1298.15 K273.15 Kv_T = 1000 \text{ ms}^{-1} \sqrt{\frac{298.15 \text{ K}}{273.15 \text{ K}}} vT=1000 ms−11.091521v_T = 1000 \text{ ms}^{-1} \sqrt{1.091521} vT=1000 ms−1×1.044759v_T = 1000 \text{ ms}^{-1} \times 1.044759 vT=1044.759 ms−1v_T = 1044.759 \text{ ms}^{-1}
  4. Round the result to the nearest whole number, as per the options provided.

    1044.759 ms−11044.759 \text{ ms}^{-1} rounds to 1045 ms−11045 \text{ ms}^{-1}.

    Comparing this to the given options:
    (A) 1043 ms−11043 \text{ ms}^{-1}
    (B) 1044 ms−11044 \text{ ms}^{-1}
    (C) 1045 ms−11045 \text{ ms}^{-1}
    (D) 1042 ms−11042 \text{ ms}^{-1}

    The calculated value matches option (C).

    The final answer is C) 1045 ms−1\boxed{\text{C) } 1045 \text{ ms}^{-1}}.

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