State two differences between heat and temperature, and two effects of heat on matter.

Here are the answers to your questions:

d) State two differences between heat and temperature. (4 marks)

1. Nature: Heat is a form of energy (thermal energy) that is transferred between objects due to a temperature difference, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance.
2. Measurement: Heat is measured in Joules ($\text{J}$) or calories, while temperature is measured in Kelvin ($\text{K}$), Celsius ($^\circ\text{C}$), or Fahrenheit ($^\circ\text{F}$).

e) State two effects of heat on matter. (3 marks)

1. Expansion: Most substances expand (increase in volume) when heated and contract when cooled.
2. Change of State: Heat can cause matter to change its physical state, for example, from solid to liquid (melting) or liquid to gas (boiling/evaporation). (Other valid answers include: Chemical changes, increase in temperature, change in electrical resistance, etc.)