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Two electric bulbs A and B rated 200 V – 100 W and 200 V – 60 W are connected in series to a 200 V line. Then the potential drop across:

Physics

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Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Calculate the resistance of each bulb.

    The power PP of a bulb is related to its rated voltage VV and resistance RR by the formula P=V2RP = \frac{V^2}{R}. Therefore, R=V2PR = \frac{V^2}{P}.

    For the 100 W bulb (Bulb A):

    RA=(200 V)2100 W=40000 V2100 W=400 ΩR_A = \frac{(200\, \text{V})^2}{100\, \text{W}} = \frac{40000\, \text{V}^2}{100\, \text{W}} = 400\, \Omega

    For the 60 W bulb (Bulb B):

    RB=(200 V)260 W=40000 V260 W=20003 Ω≈666.67 ΩR_B = \frac{(200\, \text{V})^2}{60\, \text{W}} = \frac{40000\, \text{V}^2}{60\, \text{W}} = \frac{2000}{3}\, \Omega \approx 666.67\, \Omega
  2. Calculate the total resistance of the series circuit.

    When bulbs are connected in series, the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.

    Rtotal=RA+RB=400 Ω+20003 Ω=12003 Ω+20003 Ω=32003 ΩR_{total} = R_A + R_B = 400\, \Omega + \frac{2000}{3}\, \Omega = \frac{1200}{3}\, \Omega + \frac{2000}{3}\, \Omega = \frac{3200}{3}\, \Omega
  3. Calculate the total current flowing through the circuit.

    The total current II in the series circuit is given by Ohm's law, I=VlineRtotalI = \frac{V_{line}}{R_{total}}, where VlineV_{line} is the supply voltage (200 V).

    I=200 V32003 Ω=200×33200 A=6003200 A=316 AI = \frac{200\, \text{V}}{\frac{3200}{3}\, \Omega} = \frac{200 \times 3}{3200}\, \text{A} = \frac{600}{3200}\, \text{A} = \frac{3}{16}\, \text{A}
  4. Calculate the potential drop across each bulb.

    The potential drop across each bulb is given by V=I⋅RV = I \cdot R.

    Potential drop across the 100 W bulb (VAV_A):

    VA=I⋅RA=316 A×400 Ω=120016 V=75 VV_A = I \cdot R_A = \frac{3}{16}\, \text{A} \times 400\, \Omega = \frac{1200}{16}\, \text{V} = 75\, \text{V}

    Potential drop across the 60 W bulb (VBV_B):

    VB=I⋅RB=316 A×20003 Ω=200016 V=125 VV_B = I \cdot R_B = \frac{3}{16}\, \text{A} \times \frac{2000}{3}\, \Omega = \frac{2000}{16}\, \text{V} = 125\, \text{V}
  5. Compare the potential drops.

    We found that VA=75 VV_A = 75\, \text{V} and VB=125 VV_B = 125\, \text{V}.
    This means the potential drop across the 100 W bulb (75 V75\, \text{V}) is smaller than the potential drop across the 60 W bulb (125 V125\, \text{V}).

    Comparing this with the given options:
    (A) Each bulb is 200 V - Incorrect.
    (B) 100 W bulb is greater than that across 60 W bulb - Incorrect.
    (C) 100 W bulb is smaller than that across 60 W bulb - Correct.
    (D) Each bulb is 100 V - Incorrect.

    The final answer is C\boxed{\text{C}}

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