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Find the unknown forces and angle in the diagram drawn below. Diagram not drawn to scale.

Physics

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Answer

90∘90^\circ

129.9 N129.9\, \text{N}

Q=75 NQ = 75\, \text{N}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To find the unknown forces P and Q, and the unknown angle, we can use Lami's Theorem, as the three forces are in equilibrium.

  1. Find the unknown angle between forces P and Q.

    The sum of angles around a point is 360∘360^\circ.
    The given angles are 150∘150^\circ (between P and 150 N) and 120∘120^\circ (between 150 N and Q).

    Angle between P and Q=360∘−150∘−120∘\text{Angle between P and Q} = 360^\circ - 150^\circ - 120^\circ Angle between P and Q=360∘−270∘\text{Angle between P and Q} = 360^\circ - 270^\circ Angle between P and Q=90∘\text{Angle between P and Q} = \boxed{90^\circ}
  2. Apply Lami's Theorem.

    Lami's Theorem states that if three coplanar, concurrent forces are in equilibrium, then each force is proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two forces.
    Let F1=PF_1 = P, F2=QF_2 = Q, and F3=150 NF_3 = 150\, \text{N}.
    The angle opposite to P is 120∘120^\circ.
    The angle opposite to Q is 150∘150^\circ.
    The angle opposite to 150 N is 90∘90^\circ.

    Psin⁡120∘=Qsin⁡150∘=150 Nsin⁡90∘\frac{P}{\sin 120^\circ} = \frac{Q}{\sin 150^\circ} = \frac{150\, \text{N}}{\sin 90^\circ}
  3. Calculate force P.

    Using Lami's Theorem for P:

    Psin⁡120∘=150sin⁡90∘\frac{P}{\sin 120^\circ} = \frac{150}{\sin 90^\circ}

    We know that sin⁡120∘=sin⁡(180∘−60∘)=sin⁡60∘=32\sin 120^\circ = \sin (180^\circ - 60^\circ) = \sin 60^\circ = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} and sin⁡90∘=1\sin 90^\circ = 1.

    P=150×sin⁡120∘sin⁡90∘P = 150 \times \frac{\sin 120^\circ}{\sin 90^\circ} P=150×321P = 150 \times \frac{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}{1} P=753 NP = 75\sqrt{3}\, \text{N} P≈75×1.732P \approx 75 \times 1.732 P≈129.9 NP \approx \boxed{129.9\, \text{N}}
  4. Calculate force Q.

    Using Lami's Theorem for Q:

    Qsin⁡150∘=150sin⁡90∘\frac{Q}{\sin 150^\circ} = \frac{150}{\sin 90^\circ}

    We know that sin⁡150∘=sin⁡(180∘−30∘)=sin⁡30∘=12\sin 150^\circ = \sin (180^\circ - 30^\circ) = \sin 30^\circ = \frac{1}{2} and sin⁡90∘=1\sin 90^\circ = 1.

    Q=150×sin⁡150∘sin⁡90∘Q = 150 \times \frac{\sin 150^\circ}{\sin 90^\circ} Q=150×121Q = 150 \times \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{1} Q=75 NQ = \boxed{75\, \text{N}}

    The unknown forces are P≈129.9 NP \approx \textbf{129.9 N} and Q=75 NQ = \textbf{75 N}. The unknown angle between P and Q is 90°\textbf{90°}.

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