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Determine the velocity of an electron with a wavelength of 1 imes 10⁻¹⁰ m, and calculate the minimum uncertainty in momentum if position uncertainty is 2.0 imes 10⁻¹¹ m.

Physics

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Answer

v=7.27×106 m/sv = \mathbf{7.27 \times 10^{6} \text{ m/s}}

Δp=2.64×10−24 kg m/s\Delta p = \mathbf{2.64 \times 10^{-24} \text{ kg m/s}}

p=1.66×10−27 kg m/sp = \mathbf{1.66 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg m/s}}

Step-by-step solution

9 steps

First, let's complete the calculation you started for the electron's velocity.

Problem: Determine the velocity of an electron with a wavelength of 1×10−101 \times 10^{-10} m, given its mass is 9.11×10−319.11 \times 10^{-31} kg and Planck's constant (hh) is 6.626×10−346.626 \times 10^{-34} J s.

  1. Use the de Broglie wavelength formula, λ=hmv\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}, and rearrange it to solve for velocity (vv).

    v=hmλv = \frac{h}{m\lambda}
  2. Substitute the given values into the formula.

    v=6.626×10−34 J s(9.11×10−31 kg)×(1×10−10 m)v = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}}{(9.11 \times 10^{-31} \text{ kg}) \times (1 \times 10^{-10} \text{ m})}
  3. Calculate the velocity.

    v=6.626×10−349.11×10−41 m/sv = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34}}{9.11 \times 10^{-41}} \text{ m/s} v=0.72733×107 m/sv = 0.72733 \times 10^{7} \text{ m/s} v=7.27×106 m/sv = \boxed{\mathbf{7.27 \times 10^{6} \text{ m/s}}}

    Now, let's solve the two numbered questions.

    1. Calculate the minimum uncertainty in momentum if position uncertainty is 2.0×10−112.0 \times 10^{-11} m.

  4. Use the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle for minimum uncertainty, which states ΔxΔp=h4π\Delta x \Delta p = \frac{h}{4\pi}.

    Rearrange to solve for the uncertainty in momentum (Δp\Delta p).

    Δp=h4πΔx\Delta p = \frac{h}{4\pi \Delta x}
  5. Substitute the given values

    Planck's constant h=6.626×10−34h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} J s and uncertainty in position Δx=2.0×10−11\Delta x = 2.0 \times 10^{-11} m.

    Δp=6.626×10−34 J s4π×(2.0×10−11 m)\Delta p = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}}{4\pi \times (2.0 \times 10^{-11} \text{ m})}
  6. Calculate the minimum uncertainty in momentum.

    Δp=6.626×10−3425.1327×10−11 kg m/s\Delta p = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34}}{25.1327 \times 10^{-11}} \text{ kg m/s} Δp=0.26356×10−23 kg m/s\Delta p = 0.26356 \times 10^{-23} \text{ kg m/s} Δp=2.64×10−24 kg m/s\Delta p = \boxed{\mathbf{2.64 \times 10^{-24} \text{ kg m/s}}}

    2. Determine the momentum of a photon with wavelength 400 nm.

  7. Use the relationship between momentum (pp), Planck's constant (hh), and wavelength (λ\lambda) for a photon.

    p=hλp = \frac{h}{\lambda}
  8. Convert the wavelength from nanometers (nm) to meters (m) and substitute the values

    h=6.626×10−34h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} J s and λ=400 nm=400×10−9 m=4.00×10−7 m\lambda = 400 \text{ nm} = 400 \times 10^{-9} \text{ m} = 4.00 \times 10^{-7} \text{ m}.

    p=6.626×10−34 J s4.00×10−7 mp = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}}{4.00 \times 10^{-7} \text{ m}}
  9. Calculate the momentum of the photon.

    p=1.6565×10−27 kg m/sp = 1.6565 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg m/s} p=1.66×10−27 kg m/sp = \boxed{\mathbf{1.66 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg m/s}}}
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