Explain the working of a clinical thermometer, including the choice of liquid, reasons for not using water, the purpose of the narrow bore, and how to calculate body temperature from observed length.

Here's the breakdown of "Item two": a) i) The device the doctor used is a thermometer, specifically a clinical thermometer. ii) The liquids that can be used to make a thermometer are mercury and alcohol. iii) Explanation to the mother: Why water is not used to make the device? Water is not suitable because it has a high specific heat capacity (meaning it takes a lot of heat to change its temperature), it expands anomalously (it contracts from 0^ to 4^ before expanding), it wets glass, and its freezing point (0^) and boiling point (100^) limit its useful temperature range for many applications, including body temperature measurement. Why device had narrow bore? A narrow bore (capillary tube) makes the thermometer more sensitive. A small change in the liquid's volume due to temperature change causes a significant and easily observable change in the length of the liquid column, allowing for precise readings. b) To find the child's body temperature, we use the principle of linear expansion for a thermometer. Step 1: Identify the known values. The length of the liquid column from the lower fixed point is 6.6\,cm. The total length between the lower fixed point (0^) and the upper fixed point (100^) is 16.5\,cm. Step 2: Use the formula for temperature on a linear scale. The temperature can be calculated using the formula: = Length of liquid column from lower fixed pointLength between upper and lower fixed points × (Upper fixed point - Lower fixed point) + Lower fixed point For the Celsius scale, the lower fixed point is 0^ and the upper fixed point is 100^. Step 3: Substitute the values into the formula. = 6.6\,cm16.5\,cm × (100^ - 0^) + 0^ Step 4: Calculate the temperature. = (6.6)/(16.5) × 100^ = 0.4 × 100^ = 40^ The child's body temperature is 40^. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.