ACTIVITY 3: DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: [30] 3. Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow:

2.1 Definitions

Discrimination: Unfair treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, religion, or disability.

Behaviour: The actions, reactions, or conduct of a person or group, especially in response to their environment or others.

Locations: Specific places or settings where discrimination occurs, such as schools, workplaces, public transport, or communities.

Rights: Fundamental entitlements that every human being has, protected by law, including the right to equality, dignity, and freedom from unfair discrimination.

2.2 Two factors that could lead to discrimination

Factor 1: Stereotypes and prejudice – Fixed, often negative beliefs about certain groups lead to unfair judgments without evidence.

Factor 2: Socio-economic differences – Poverty or unequal access to resources can cause resentment and exclusion of others seen as different.

2.3 Two factors that could reduce discrimination
(Interpreting from context as ways to reduce)

Factor 1: Education and awareness campaigns – Teaching about diversity and human rights challenges prejudices.

Factor 2: Laws and enforcement – Strong anti-discrimination laws with penalties deter unfair treatment.

2.4 Two ways to launch a campaign at school

Way 1: Organize workshops and assemblies with guest speakers from NGOs to educate students on discrimination.

Way 2: Create posters, social media posts, and a school pledge against bullying based on gender or race.

(Addressing discriminatory attitudes like gender bias)

2.5 FOUR discriminatory behaviours against women and forms

1. Unequal pay – Wage discrimination (economic form).
2. Sexual harassment – Verbal/physical abuse (gender-based violence form).
3. Denying promotions – Employment discrimination (opportunity form).
4. Forced marriage – Cultural discrimination (traditional form).

2.6 TWO protective measures against discrimination towards women

Measure 1: Enforce the Employment Equity Act to ensure equal pay and opportunities.
Measure 2: Implement awareness programs under the Domestic Violence Act for reporting harassment.

2.7 TWO public holidays in South Africa to promote the issue

1. National Women's Day (9 August) – Celebrates women's rights and fights discrimination.
2. Human Rights Day (21 March) – Promotes equality and non-discrimination for all, including women and children.

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