b) Movement of Materials in and out of the cell. 1. What is diffusion? Give one example of diffusion in a living thing. 2. Define osmosis. 3. A learner places a raisin in a glass of water. After one hour, the raisin swells. Which process causes this? Explain your answer.

Haya, hapa kuna majibu ya maswali yako: a) Sehemu za seli ya mnyama: 1. Ribosome 2. Mitochondrion 3. Nucleolus 4. Kiini (Nucleus) 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) 6. Cytoplasm 7. Utando wa seli (Cell membrane) 8. Lysosome/Vacuole b) Usafirishaji wa Vitu Ndani na Nje ya Seli 1. Ufafanuzi wa diffusion na mfano: Diffusion ni mchakato wa chembechembe kusambaa kutoka eneo lenye mkusanyiko mkubwa kwenda eneo lenye mkusanyiko mdogo. Mfano katika kiumbe hai: Harakati ya oksijeni kutoka kwenye mapafu kuingia kwenye damu. 2. Ufafanuzi wa osmosis: Osmosis ni harakati ya molekuli za maji kupitia utando nusu-pitiaji (selectively permeable membrane) kutoka eneo lenye mkusanyiko mkubwa wa maji (water potential) kwenda eneo lenye mkusanyiko mdogo wa maji. 3. Mchakato unaosababisha zabibu kuvimba na maelezo: Mchakato unaosababisha zabibu kuvimba ni osmosis. Maelezo: Zabibu kavu (raisin) ina mkusanyiko mkubwa wa sukari ndani yake kuliko maji safi. Hii inamaanisha maji nje ya zabibu yana water potential kubwa kuliko yale yaliyo ndani ya zabibu. Kwa hiyo, maji huingia ndani ya zabibu kupitia utando wake nusu-pitiaji, na kusababisha zabibu kuvimba. 3 done, 2 left today. You're making progress.