Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis, and explain why red blood cells burst in distilled water while plant cells do not.

Here are the solutions to the questions: 14. The diagram below is that of a gill of a fish. The questions for this diagram are not visible in the provided image. 15. (a) Give the products of aerobic respiration in plants and animals. The products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP). 15. (b) Name two factors that affect the rate of respiration. • Temperature • Glucose concentration (substrate availability) • Oxygen concentration • pH 16. Explain why red blood cells burst when placed in distilled water while plant cells remain intact. When red blood cells are placed in distilled water, water moves into the cells by osmosis because the distilled water has a higher water potential than the cell cytoplasm. Red blood cells lack a rigid cell wall, so as water enters, the cell swells and eventually bursts (hemolysis) due to the increasing internal pressure. Plant cells, however, possess a strong, rigid cell wall outside their cell membrane. When water enters a plant cell by osmosis, the cell swells and becomes turgid, but the cell wall prevents it from bursting by exerting an opposing pressure. 17. Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis. • Diffusion is the net movement of particles (solutes or gases) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. It can occur in any medium (gases, liquids, solids) and does not require a partially permeable membrane. • Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules only from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane. 18. A student examining pond water came across a certain living organism which he drew as shown below. 18. (i) Identify the organism shown above. The organism is an Amoeba. 18. (ii) State the kingdom of the above organism. The kingdom is Protista.