Explain the dose-response relationship and provide an example.

The dose-response relationship describes how the magnitude of a response in an organism changes with the dose of an exposure (e.g., a chemical, drug, or pollutant). Generally, as the dose increases, the severity or incidence of the effect also increases, up to a certain point.

For example, consuming a small dose of caffeine might lead to increased alertness, while a much higher dose could cause anxiety, rapid heart rate, or even toxicity.