Figure 2 shows a nephron and Figure 3 shows a transverse section of a stem of a flowering plant. Use these to answer the questions that follow.

let's break these down. Question 4: Figure 2: The Nephron a) Which part is largely affected by an increase in antidiuretic hormone in blood. Step 1: Identify the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). • ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidney. Step 2: Locate the part of the nephron responsible for significant water reabsorption under ADH influence. • The collecting duct (labeled Q) and the distal convoluted tubule are the primary sites where ADH acts to increase water permeability. The part is: The collecting duct (Q) b) What role does structure Q play in the excretion process. Step 1: Identify structure Q. • Structure Q is the collecting duct. Step 2: Describe its function in urine formation. • The collecting duct is responsible for the final adjustment of urine concentration by reabsorbing water, especially under the influence of ADH. The role is: Structure Q (the collecting duct) is responsible for the reabsorption of water from the filtrate back into the blood, thereby concentrating the urine before it is excreted. c) Describe the process which occurs at part labelled P. Step 1: Identify part P. • Part P is the glomerulus within Bowman's capsule. Step 2: Describe the process that takes place at the glomerulus. • Blood is filtered under high pressure, forcing water, salts, glucose, amino acids, and urea out of the blood and into Bowman's capsule. The process is: The process occurring at part P (the glomerulus) is called ultrafiltration. Blood enters the glomerulus under high pressure, forcing water, small solutes (like glucose, amino acids, salts, and urea) out of the capillaries and into Bowman's capsule, forming the glomerular filtrate. Question 5: Figure 3: Transverse section of a stem of a flowering plant a) Name the group of flowering plants from which the stem was drawn. Give a reason for your answer. Step 1: Observe the arrangement of vascular bundles in Figure 3. • The vascular bundles (labeled L) are arranged in a distinct ring. Step 2: Recall the characteristic vascular bundle arrangement for different groups of flowering plants. • Dicotyledonous plants (dicots) typically have vascular bundles arranged in a ring, while monocotyledonous plants (monocots) have scattered vascular bundles. The group and reason are: The stem was drawn from a Dicotyledonous plant (Dicot). The reason is that the vascular bundles (L) are arranged in a distinct ring around the central pith, which is a characteristic feature of dicot stems. b) Mention the two types of cells which make up part labelled L. Step 1: Identify part L. • Part L represents a vascular bundle. Step 2: Recall the components of a vascular bundle. • Vascular bundles contain tissues responsible for transport in plants. The two types of cells are: 1. Xylem cells 2. Phloem cells What's next? 📸