State the functions of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata, mention the effect of drugs on the CNS, define stimulus, identify the tapeworm and its transmission, and name reagents for starch and prote

Here are the answers to the questions:

24. a. State the functions of the following

• i. cerebellum
  • Controls coordination of voluntary movements, balance, and posture.
• ii. medulla oblongata
  • Controls involuntary vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and swallowing.

24. b. Mention the effect of drugs (e.g., cannabis/marijuana, often referred to as "Indian hemp") on the central nervous system.

• Impaired judgment and coordination: Leading to difficulties with decision-making, balance, and motor skills.
• Altered perception and mood: Causing hallucinations, anxiety, paranoia, or euphoria.

24. c. Define stimulus

• A stimulus is any detectable change in the internal or external environment that can cause a response in an organism or a part of an organism.

25. The figure 6 below is showing the head of a worm.

• a. Identify the worm.

  • Tapeworm

• b. Give any two ways how the worm is transmitted

  • Consuming under-cooked or raw meat (e.g., beef, pork) containing tapeworm larvae.
  • Ingesting food or water contaminated with tapeworm eggs.

• c. Name the reagents of the following food tests

  • i. Starch
    • Iodine solution
  • ii. Protein
    • Sodium hydroxide solution and Copper(II) sulfate solution (Biuret reagent)

26. Figure 7 shows a type of an injury

• a. What type of an injury is shown in the figure?

  • Open fracture (or Compound fracture)

• b. Name the other type of a fracture?

  • Closed fracture (or Simple fracture)