Please define the following terms 1)receptor ,effector, stimulus, impulse, transmit, autonomic nervous system ,peripheral nervous system.cranium,synapse, neurotransmitter, alzheimer's disease,multiple sclerosis, meninges,dendrites

Here are the definitions for those terms:

1. Receptor: A specialized cell or group of cells that detects specific changes (stimuli) in the environment, converting them into electrical signals.
2. Effector: A muscle or gland that responds to a nerve impulse, carrying out a specific action like contraction or secretion.
3. Stimulus: Any detectable change in the internal or external environment that can trigger a response in an organism.
4. Impulse: An electrical signal that travels along a nerve fiber, transmitting information within the nervous system.
5. Transmit: To send or pass something, such as a signal or message, from one point to another.
6. Autonomic Nervous System: A division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
7. Peripheral Nervous System: Comprises all the nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord, connecting the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
8. Cranium: The part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain.
9. Synapse: The specialized junction between two nerve cells (neurons) where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted from one neuron to another.
10. Neurotransmitter: A chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons and other cells in the body.
11. Alzheimer's Disease: A progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes brain cells to waste away (atrophy) and die, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline.
12. Multiple Sclerosis: A chronic disease in which the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers, causing communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.
13. Meninges: The three layers of protective membranes (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) that surround the brain and spinal cord.
14. Dendrites: Branch-like extensions of a neuron that receive incoming signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body.