This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.
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Here are the answers for Question 2: 2.1 An advantage of genetic modification: Genetic modification can increase the shelf life of food and increase resistance to disease. Answer: BOTH A AND B 2.2 The genotype for an individual with blood group AB: The genotype for blood group AB is I^A I^B, which includes both alleles I^A and I^B. Answer: BOTH A AND B 2.3 Inheritance of haemophilia: Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disorder. Answer: A ONLY 2.4 Caused by a chromosomal mutation: Colour-blindness is caused by a gene mutation, while Down syndrome is caused by a chromosomal mutation (trisomy 21). Answer: B ONLY 2.5 Unspecialised cells that have the potential to develop into any other type of cell in the body: These are stem cells. Somatic cells are specialised body cells. Answer: A ONLY 2.6 An organism possesses two factors which separate so that each gamete contains only one of these factors: This describes Mendel's Law of Segregation. Neither the Law of Dominance nor the Principle of Independent Assortment directly describes this. Answer: NONE 2.7 A plant with white flowers that is crossed with a plant with red flowers and produces offspring with pink flowers: This is an example of incomplete dominance, where the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes. Answer: A ONLY 2.8 The separation of alleles during gamete formation: This is described by Mendel's Principle of Segregation. Answer: B ONLY 2.9 A genetic disorder caused by a chromosomal mutation: Haemophilia and colour-blindness are both caused by gene mutations, not chromosomal mutations. Answer: NONE 2.10 The type of dominance in which neither of the two alleles is dominant over each other, resulting in an offspring with an intermediate phenotype: This describes incomplete dominance. Complete dominance means one allele masks the other, and co-dominance means both alleles are expressed equally. Answer: NONE 2.11 The scientist who proposed the law of segregation: The Law of Segregation was proposed by Gregor Mendel. Darwin and Lamarck are known for theories of evolution. Answer: NONE That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.