Physiology Year One (1st Semester) Instruction: Answer five (5) Questions only. 1. Briefly describe Erythrocyte based on its (i)shape, (ii) contained organelles, (iii) site of production, (iv) life cycle and (v) functions (2 marks each).

Here is the solution for Question 7: Step 1: Define Electrolytes Electrolytes are minerals in the body that carry an electric charge when dissolved in water. They are essential for nerve and muscle function, hydration, and maintaining the body's pH levels. Step 2: Define Anions and cations Cations: Ions that carry a positive* electrical charge. They are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. Anions: Ions that carry a negative* electrical charge. They are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. Step 3: Give examples of extracellular and intracellular cations Extracellular cations*: Sodium (Na^+), Calcium (Ca^2+). Intracellular cations*: Potassium (K^+), Magnesium (Mg^2+). Step 4: Give examples of extracellular and intracellular anions Extracellular anions*: Chloride (Cl^-), Bicarbonate (HCO_3^-). Intracellular anions*: Phosphate (HPO_4^2-), Proteins. Step 5: State the most common intracellular and extracellular Cations and anions Most common extracellular cation*: Sodium (Na^+) Most common intracellular cation*: Potassium (K^+) Most common extracellular anion*: Chloride (Cl^-) Most common intracellular anion*: Phosphate (HPO_4^2-) Drop the next question!