Provide answers to the following biology questions about bones and muscles, including examples and locations.

Here are the answers to the questions:

Q.1 Give an example of spongy bone. (2mks)

• Vertebrae (bones of the spine) or the ends of long bones (e.g., femur).

Q.2 The spinal column supports the body and holds the body upright. It is made up of three (3) parts. One of the parts is called thoracic which locates at the middle back of the spinal column. Name the other two (2) parts and explain their locations. (4mks)

• i. Cervical vertebrae: Located in the neck region.
• ii. Lumbar vertebrae: Located in the lower back region.

Q.3 Name a type of bone that produces red blood cells in the body? (1mk)

• Flat bones (e.g., sternum, pelvis) or the ends of long bones contain red bone marrow, which produces red blood cells.

Q.4 Clavicle is the scientific name for which bone in the body? (2mks)

• The collarbone.

Q.5 The location where two bone meet is called joint (1mk) and tough tissue that connect two bones at the above location is called ligament (1mk).

Q.6 Name three (3) main types of muscles and explain each of them. (3mks)

• i. Skeletal muscle: Voluntary muscles attached to bones, responsible for body movement.
• ii. Smooth muscle: Involuntary muscles found in the walls of internal organs like the stomach and intestines, controlling their movements.
• iii. Cardiac muscle: Involuntary muscle found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.

Q.7 What is the name of the largest artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all other arteries in the body? (2mks)

• The aorta.