The provided pedigree chart shows a family with a history of haemophilia. Determine the genotypes of the individuals indicated as unaffected females who must be carriers.

Males ($\text{XY}$) cannot be carriers; they are either affected ($\text{X}^{\text{h}}\text{Y}$) or unaffected ($\text{X}^{\text{H}}\text{Y}$). Females ($\text{XX}$) can be unaffected ($\text{X}^{\text{H}}\text{X}^{\text{H}}$), unaffected carriers ($\text{X}^{\text{H}}\text{X}^{\text{h}}$), or affected ($\text{X}^{\text{h}}\text{X}^{\text{h}}$).

• Individual 1 is an unaffected female but has an affected son (Individual 4, $\text{X}^{\text{h}}\text{Y}$). Therefore, Individual 1 must be a carrier ($\text{X}^{\text{H}}\text{X}^{\text{h}}$).
• Individual 5 is an unaffected female but has an affected son (Individual 11, $\text{X}^{\text{h}}\text{Y}$). Therefore, Individual 5 must be a carrier ($\text{X}^{\text{H}}\text{X}^{\text{h}}$).
• Individual 3 is an unaffected female whose mother (Individual 1) is a carrier. She has a 50% chance of being a carrier, but we cannot definitively say she is a carrier without further information (e.g., if she had an affected son).
• Individual 7 is an unaffected female. Her parents are Individual 3 and Individual 8 ($\text{X}^{\text{H}}\text{Y}$). Since Individual 3's carrier status is not definite, Individual 7's carrier status is also not definite.

• There are 2 definite carriers (Individual 1 and Individual 5).
• $\boxed{\text{2}}$

• Genotype: $\boxed{\text{X}^{\text{H}}\text{X}^{\text{h}}}$

• Genotype: $\boxed{\text{X}^{\text{h}}\text{Y}}$

• Individual 10 is an unaffected male, so his genotype is $\text{X}^{\text{