2.1.1 Identify molecule Y.
This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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2.1.1 Identify molecule Y.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2.1.2 Describe the process that resulted in the formation of molecule Y.
Step 1: The DNA double helix (Molecule X) unwinds and unzips, separating the two strands.
Step 2: RNA polymerase binds to the template strand (Strand 1) and moves along it.
Step 3: Free RNA nucleotides pair with complementary bases on the DNA template strand (adenine with uracil, thymine with adenine, cytosine with guanine, guanine with cytosine).
Step 4: RNA polymerase links these RNA nucleotides together to form a single strand of mRNA (Molecule Y).
Step 5: The mRNA molecule detaches from the DNA, and the DNA reforms its double helix.
2.1.3 Give ONE structural difference between molecule X and molecule Y.
Molecule X (DNA) contains deoxyribose sugar, while Molecule Y (mRNA) contains ribose sugar.
2.1.4 Give the sequence of bases at triplet Z on strand 2.
The mRNA sequence shown is A G A U A C C C A.
The triplet Z on Strand 2 corresponds to the mRNA codon UAC.
If the mRNA codon is UAC, the complementary bases on the template Strand 1 would be ATG.
Since Strand 2 is complementary to Strand 1, the bases at triplet Z on Strand 2 would be TAC.
2.1.5 Identify the first and last amino acids coded for by this section of molecule Y.
The mRNA sequence is A G A U A C C C A.
The codons are read in triplets from left to right:
• First codon: AGA, which codes for Arginine.
• Last codon: CCA, which codes for Proline.
First amino acid: Arginine, Last amino acid: Proline.
