5. Identify the acid in the following reaction. Give a reason.
This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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5. Identify the acid in the following reaction. Give a reason.
$\text{NH}_4^+ \text{(aq)} + \text{OH}^- \text{(aq)} \longrightarrow \text{NH}_3 \text{(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O (l)}$
Acid: $\boxed{\text{NH}_4^+}$
Reason: In this Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction, $\text{NH}_4^+$ acts as an acid because it donates a proton* ($\text{H}^+$) to the hydroxide ion ($\text{OH}^-$) to form ammonia ($\text{NH}_3$) and water ($\text{H}_2\text{O}$).
6. State two methods that can be used to remove water hardness.
Method 1: Boiling* (removes temporary hardness by precipitating calcium and magnesium carbonates).
Method 2: Adding chemicals such as washing soda ($\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3$) or using ion-exchange resins*.
7a) Define the term solubility.
Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure to form a saturated solution.
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