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A mixture of NaOH and NaCl weighs 2.0g and is dissolved in 250 cm3 of water. A 25.0 cm3 aliquot is titrated with 0.1M H2SO4, requiring 20.0 cm3. Calculate moles of H2SO4 and moles of NaOH.

Chemistry

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Question 2: (Titration Problem)

Given:

  • Mixture of NaOH\text{NaOH} and NaCl\text{NaCl} = 2.0 g
  • Total volume of solution = 250 cm3^3
  • Volume of aliquot = 25.0 cm3^3
  • Concentration of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 = 0.1 M
  • Volume of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 used = 20.0 cm3^3

b) a) Write the equation for the reaction.
The reaction is between sodium hydroxide (NaOH\text{NaOH}) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4).

H2SO4(aq)+2NaOH(aq)→Na2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l)\boxed{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4(\text{aq}) + 2\text{NaOH}(\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4(\text{aq}) + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l})}

b) b) Calculate the number of moles of sulphuric (VI) acid used.

  1. Convert the volume of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 to dm3^3.

    20.0 cm3=20.0×10−3 dm3=0.020 dm320.0 \text{ cm}^3 = 20.0 \times 10^{-3} \text{ dm}^3 = 0.020 \text{ dm}^3
  2. Calculate the moles of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 using its concentration and volume.

    Moles of H2SO4=Concentration×Volume\text{Moles of H}_2\text{SO}_4 = \text{Concentration} \times \text{Volume} Moles of H2SO4=0.1 mol/dm3×0.020 dm3=0.002 mol\text{Moles of H}_2\text{SO}_4 = 0.1 \text{ mol/dm}^3 \times 0.020 \text{ dm}^3 = 0.002 \text{ mol}

    The number of moles of sulphuric (VI) acid used is 0.002 mol\boxed{0.002 \text{ mol}}.

    b) c) Calculate the number of moles of the substance that reacted with sulphuric (VI) acid.
    The substance that reacted with sulfuric acid is NaOH\text{NaOH}.
    From the balanced equation, 1 mole of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 reacts with 2 moles of NaOH\text{NaOH}.

    Moles of NaOH in 25.0 cm3 aliquot=2×Moles of H2SO4\text{Moles of NaOH in 25.0 cm}^3 \text{ aliquot} = 2 \times \text{Moles of H}_2\text{SO}_4 Moles of NaOH=2×0.002 mol=0.004 mol\text{Moles of NaOH} = 2 \times 0.002 \text{ mol} = 0.004 \text{ mol}

    The number of moles of NaOH\text{NaOH} that reacted is 0.004 mol\boxed{0.004 \text{ mol}}.

    b) d) Calculate the number of moles of the substance that would react with sulphuric (VI) acid in one litre of solution.
    The 0.004 mol of NaOH\text{NaOH} was present in a 25.0 cm3^3 aliquot. The original solution had a total volume of 250 cm3^3.

  3. Calculate the total moles of NaOH\text{NaOH} in the 250 cm3^3 solution.

    Moles of NaOH in 250 cm3=0.004 mol×250 cm325.0 cm3=0.004 mol×10=0.040 mol\text{Moles of NaOH in 250 cm}^3 = 0.004 \text{ mol} \times \frac{250 \text{ cm}^3}{25.0 \text{ cm}^3} = 0.004 \text{ mol} \times 10 = 0.040 \text{ mol}
  4. Calculate the moles of NaOH\text{NaOH} in one litre (1000 cm3^3) of solution.

    Moles of NaOH in 1000 cm3=0.040 mol×1000 cm3250 cm3=0.040 mol×4=0.160 mol\text{Moles of NaOH in 1000 cm}^3 = 0.040 \text{ mol} \times \frac{1000 \text{ cm}^3}{250 \text{ cm}^3} = 0.040 \text{ mol} \times 4 = 0.160 \text{ mol}

    The number of moles of NaOH\text{NaOH} in one litre of solution is 0.160 mol\boxed{0.160 \text{ mol}}.

    b) e) Determine the mass of the unreacted substance in the mixture of solution and hence calculate its percentage in the mixture.
    The mixture contains NaOH\text{NaOH} (reacted substance) and NaCl\text{NaCl} (unreacted substance).

  5. Calculate the mass of NaOH\text{NaOH} in the 250 cm3^3 solution.

    Molar mass of NaOH\text{NaOH} = 23.0 (Na) + 16.0 (O) + 1.0 (H) = 40.0 g/mol.
    Mass of NaOH\text{NaOH} = Moles ×\times Molar mass = 0.040 mol ×\times 40.0 g/mol = 1.6 g.

  6. Calculate the mass of the unreacted substance (NaCl\text{NaCl}).

    Total mass of mixture = 2.0 g.
    Mass of NaCl\text{NaCl} = Total mass of mixture - Mass of NaOH\text{NaOH}

    Mass of NaCl=2.0 g−1.6 g=0.4 g\text{Mass of NaCl} = 2.0 \text{ g} - 1.6 \text{ g} = 0.4 \text{ g}
  7. Calculate the percentage of the unreacted substance (NaCl\text{NaCl}) in the mixture.

    Percentage of NaCl=Mass of NaClTotal mass of mixture×100%\text{Percentage of NaCl} = \frac{\text{Mass of NaCl}}{\text{Total mass of mixture}} \times 100\% Percentage of NaCl=0.4 g2.0 g×100%=20%\text{Percentage of NaCl} = \frac{0.4 \text{ g}}{2.0 \text{ g}} \times 100\% = 20\%

    The mass of the unreacted substance (NaCl\text{NaCl}) is 0.4 g\boxed{0.4 \text{ g}}.
    Its percentage in the mixture is 20%\boxed{20\%}.


    Question 3: (Combustion Analysis of a Hydrocarbon)

    Given:

    • Mass of $\text
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