This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Hey Taydey, good to see you again. 9. a) Write the electron arrangement (s and p notation) for: i) Na (Sodium) Sodium has an atomic number of 11. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1 ii) O (Oxygen) Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^4 9. b) Using valency, write the formula for: i) Magnesium chloride Magnesium (Mg) has a valency of +2. Chlorine (Cl) has a valency of -1. MgCl_2 ii) Aluminium oxide Aluminium (Al) has a valency of +3. Oxygen (O) has a valency of -2. Al_2O_3 9. c) Balance the following chemical equation: Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation. Fe + O_2 → Fe_2O_3 Step 2: Balance the iron atoms. 2Fe + O_2 → Fe_2O_3 Step 3: Balance the oxygen atoms by finding the least common multiple of 2 and 3, which is 6. 2Fe + 3O_2 → 2Fe_2O_3 Step 4: Re-balance the iron atoms. 4Fe + 3O_2 → 2Fe_2O_3 9. d) State TWO observations when iron reacts with oxygen. i. Formation of a reddish-brown solid (rust). ii. The iron loses its metallic luster. 10. a) Explain TWO uses of isotopes in medicine and industry. i. In medicine, radioactive isotopes like Cobalt-60 are used in radiotherapy* to treat cancer by targeting and destroying cancerous cells. ii. In industry, isotopes such as Strontium-90 are used in thickness gauging* to measure and control the thickness of materials like paper or plastic sheets during manufacturing. 10. b) Describe TWO environmental applications of Chemistry in daily life. i. Water treatment*: Chemical processes, such as chlorination and flocculation, are used to remove impurities and pathogens from water, making it safe for drinking. ii. Air pollution control*: Catalytic converters in vehicles use chemical reactions to convert harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into less harmful substances such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor. Send me the next one 📸