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Add dilute hydrochloric acid to a small portion of each unknown solution.

Chemistry

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Part c· 2 steps

To identify the two solutions

  1. Add dilute hydrochloric acid to a small portion of each unknown solution.

    • The solution containing sulphite ions will produce a colorless gas with a pungent smell (SO2\text{SO}_2), which turns acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution from orange to green.
    SO32−(aq)+2H+(aq)→SO2(g)+H2O(l)\text{SO}_3^{2-}(aq) + 2\text{H}^+(aq) \to \text{SO}_2(g) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l)
    • The solution containing sulphate ions will show no visible reaction.

  2. To the solution that showed no reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid (from Step 1), add a few drops of barium chloride solution.

    • A white precipitate will form, which is insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. This confirms the presence of sulphate ions.
    Ba2+(aq)+SO42−(aq)→BaSO4(s)\text{Ba}^{2+}(aq) + \text{SO}_4^{2-}(aq) \to \text{BaSO}_4(s)

    1. a) Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas or different arrangements of atoms in space.

    2. b) The molecular formula C4H10\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10} has two isomers:

    • Butane
    CH3CH2CH2CH3\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3
    • 2-Methylpropane
    CH3CH(CH3)CH3\text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_3
    1. c)

Part c(i)

  • Chlorination of ethane: *Free radical substitution
  • Chlorination of ethene: Electrophilic addition

Part c(ii)

A condition necessary for chlorination of ethane is ultraviolet (UV) light or *high temperature

  1. d) Two uses of ethene gas are:
  • For the ripening of fruits.
  • In the manufacture of polyethene (a plastic).
  1. e) Heat of combustion of a substance is the heat energy released when one mole of a substance undergoes complete combustion in excess oxygen under standard conditions.
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