b. The pH value of 1M potassium hydroxide solution will be higher than that of 1M aqueous ammonia. Potassium hydroxide ($\text{KOH}$) is a strong base and dissociates completely in water, producing a high concentration of hydroxide ions ($\text{OH}^-$). Aqueous ammonia ($\text{NH}_3$) is a weak base and only partially dissociates in water, resulting in a lower concentration of hydroxide ions. A higher $\text{OH}^-$ concentration means a higher pH. 15.a) Define the following terms: i) Solvent: The solvent is the substance, usually a liquid, that dissolves another substance (the solute) to form a solution. It is typically present in the largest amount. ii) Solute: The solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. It is typically present in a smaller amount than the solvent. iii) Solution: A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances, where one substance (the solute) is uniformly dispersed in another substance (the solvent). 16.a) State the difference between a luminous flame and a non-luminous flame. A luminous flame is typically yellow or orange, produces soot, and is cooler due to incomplete combustion. A non-luminous flame is blue, clean, and hotter due to complete combustion. b) Give one use of a non-luminous flame. A non-luminous flame is used for heating substances in laboratories because it is hotter and does not produce soot. 17.a) Explain four first aid steps to follow when someone accidentally swallows harmful chemicals. 1. Do not induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by a medical professional or poison control, as it can cause further damage. 2. Immediately call for emergency medical help or a poison control center, providing as much information as possible about the chemical ingested. 3. Rinse the person's mouth thoroughly with water, but do not allow them to swallow the rinse water. 4. Identify the chemical if possible by checking the container or label, as this information is crucial for medical treatment. Send me the next one 📸