Bayani da kuma zani a hausance covalence bonding

Hada-hadar Covalence tana faruwa ne lokacin da atoma biyu suka raba (share) electron guda ɗaya ko fiye da haka. Wannan raba-raben yana taimakawa kowace atoma ta cika outer electron shell ɗinta, wanda ke sa ta zama mafi kwanciyar hankali. A yawancin lokaci, wannan yana faruwa tsakanin atoma marasa-matsayi (non-metal atoms).

Zane (Diagram):

Bari mu yi amfani da misalin ruwa (H₂O) don bayani:

• Atom na Oxygen (O): Yana da electron 6 a outer shell ɗinsa. Yana buƙatar electron 2 don ya cika.
• Atom na Hydrogen (H): Yana da electron 1 a outer shell ɗinsa. Yana buƙatar electron 1 don ya cika.

A cikin H₂O:

1. Atom na Oxygen zai raba electron ɗinsa biyu (ɗaya ga kowace hydrogen).
2. Kowace Atom na Hydrogen zai raba electron ɗinsa ɗaya tare da Oxygen.

Wannan yana nufin:

• Oxygen yana da electron 8 a kusa da shi (4 nasa da ba a raba ba + 2 daga kowace hydrogen da aka raba).
• Kowace Hydrogen tana da electron 2 a kusa da ita (1 nata da ba a raba ba + 1 daga Oxygen da aka raba).

Zane mai sauƙi:

(O) - Yana da electron 6 a waje.
(H) - Yana da electron 1 a waje.

Lokacin da suka hadu:

  H
  |

H --- O --- H

A nan, layin guda ɗaya (---) yana wakiltar raba electron guda ɗaya (wanda ake kira single covalent bond). Oxygen yana da electron 2 da ba a raba ba (wanda ake kira lone pairs) a saman da ƙasan sa, waɗanda ba a nuna su a cikin wannan zane mai sauƙi ba amma suna da mahimmanci.

Mafi cikakken zane zai nuna haka:

  ..  
:O:  

/
H H

A nan, (:) tana wakiltar electron ɗaya. Oxygen yana da electron 4 da ba a raba ba (2 pairs), kuma kowace hydrogen tana da electron 2 da aka raba tare da Oxygen.

Mafi mahimmanci, a hada-hadar Covalence, ana raba electron, ba a ba da su gaba ɗaya ba kamar yadda ake yi a hada-hadar Ionic.