How can prepared a named aldehyde and ketone use oxidation of alcohol

Aldehydes are formed by the oxidation of primary alcohols. For ethanal ($\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$), the corresponding primary alcohol is ethanol ($\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$).

Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes using mild oxidizing agents or by carefully controlling the reaction conditions with stronger oxidizing agents. A common method uses acidified potassium dichromate(VI) ($\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7/\text{H}^+$) or pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC). To obtain the aldehyde and prevent further oxidation to a carboxylic acid, the aldehyde is distilled off as it forms, as it has a lower boiling point than the alcohol and the carboxylic acid.

The oxidation of ethanol to ethanal using acidified potassium dichromate(VI) is:

The named aldehyde prepared is Ethanal.

2. Preparation of a Named Ketone (e.g., Propanone) from a Secondary Alcohol

Ketones are formed by the oxidation of secondary alcohols. For propanone ($\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$), the corresponding secondary alcohol is propan-2-ol ($\text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{OH})\text{CH}_3$).

Secondary alcohols are oxidized to ketones using strong oxidizing agents like acidified potassium dichromate(VI) ($\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7/\text{H}^+$) or acidified potassium permanganate ($\text{KMnO}_4/\text{H}^+$). Ketones are generally resistant to further oxidation under these conditions, so vigorous heating is often used.

The oxidation of propan-2-ol to propanone using acidified potassium dichromate(VI) is:

The named ketone prepared is Propanone.