Solved: Compare and contrast the industrial extraction of…

The following diagram represents extraction of sodium and zinc.

Stage 1: $\text{NaCl} \xrightarrow{\text{electrolysis}}$ $NaCl electrolysis$ Na
- Process: Electrolysis (specifically, the Downs process for sodium extraction)
Stage 2: $\text{ZnO} + \text{C} \xrightarrow{\text{heat}}$ $ZnO + C heat$ Zn
- Process: Reduction (or Smelting)
Stage 3: $\text{ZnS} \xrightarrow{\text{roasting}}$ $ZnS roasting$ $\text{ZnO}$ $ZnO$
- Process: Roasting

The flow chart below illustrates industrial extraction of lead metal.

a) Name the chief ore commonly used in this process.
The chief ore is a sulfide ore that undergoes roasting to produce $\text{SO}_2$ . For lead, this is galena.
Answer: Galena ( $\text{PbS}$ )

b) Explain what takes place in the roasting furnace.
In the roasting furnace, the lead sulfide ore reacts with hot air (oxygen) at high temperatures to form lead oxide and sulfur dioxide gas.

2\text{PbS(s)} + 3\text{O}_2\text{(g)} \xrightarrow{\text{heat}} 2\text{PbO(s)} + 2\text{SO}_2\text{(g)}

c) State uses of lead metal.

Car batteries (lead-acid batteries)
Radiation shielding (e.g., in X-ray rooms)
Alloys (e.g., solder, pewter)

The set up below was used to investigate electrolysis of a molten compound.

i) Complete the circuit by drawing the cell in the gap left in the diagram.
The circuit requires a DC power supply (battery) connected to the electrodes. The negative terminal of the battery connects to the cathode, and the positive terminal connects to the anode.

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Compare and contrast the industrial extraction of sodium, zinc, and lead, including the processes and ores involved.

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