Explain diffusion in gases and liquids, and why gases diffuse faster than liquids. Discuss controlled variables and particle behavior in liquids.

1.1.4 It is important to use the same amount of liquid to ensure a fair test. This keeps the volume of the solvent a controlled variable, allowing for an accurate comparison of diffusion rates solely based on temperature.

1.1.5 In a liquid state, particles are close together but not in fixed positions. They can slide past each other randomly. A model representation would show particles touching or nearly touching, but arranged irregularly and able to move freely within the volume.

1.1.6

• In gases (like deodorant), particles are far apart and move very rapidly and randomly, leading to fast diffusion.
• In liquids (like juice in water), particles are closer together and move by sliding past each other, resulting in slower diffusion compared to gases. Therefore, gases diffuse faster than liquids.