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Draw and name the two compounds with molecular formula C2H6O and explain how to identify the -OH group of the alcohol.

Chemistry

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Part i

Draw and Name the structures of the two compounds.

The molecular formula C2H6O\text{C}_2\text{H}_6\text{O} can represent two functional isomers: an alcohol and an ether.

  1. Alcohol: Ethanol

    CH3CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}

    (Structural formula: CH3−CH2−OH\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH})

  2. Ether: Dimethyl ether (or Methoxymethane)

    CH3OCH3\text{CH}_3\text{OCH}_3

    (Structural formula: CH3−O−CH3\text{CH}_3-\text{O}-\text{CH}_3)

Part ii· 3 steps

How can you identify the -OH group of the alcohol?

The -OH group of an alcohol can be identified by its reaction with an active metal like sodium.

  1. Add a small piece of sodium metal to the compound.

  2. Observe for the evolution of a colorless gas.

  3. Test the gas with a lighted splint.

    If the gas produces a 'pop' sound, it indicates the presence of hydrogen gas.

    The reaction is:

    2CH3CH2OH(l)+2Na(s)⟶2CH3CH2ONa(aq)+H2(g)2\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}(l) + 2\text{Na}(s) \longrightarrow 2\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{ONa}(aq) + \text{H}_2(g)

    The evolution of hydrogen gas confirms the presence of the hydroxyl (-OH) group in the alcohol. Ethers do not react with sodium metal.

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