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Ethene reacts with bromine (B2) in an addition reaction. The double bond in ethene breaks, and a bromine atom adds to each carbon atom.

Chemistry

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4 parts
i

CH2Br−CH2Br\text{CH}_2\text{Br}-\text{CH}_2\text{Br}

ii

CH3−CH=CH−CH3\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3

iii

CH3−CH2−CH(OH)−CH3\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}(\text{OH})-\text{CH}_3

iv

CH3−CH3\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Part i· 1 step

  1. Ethene reacts with bromine (B2B_2) in an addition reaction.

    The double bond in ethene breaks, and a bromine atom adds to each carbon atom.

    H2C=CH2+Br2⟶CH2Br−CH2Br\text{H}_2\text{C}=\text{CH}_2 + \text{Br}_2 \longrightarrow \text{CH}_2\text{Br}-\text{CH}_2\text{Br}

    The completed equation is:

    H2C=CH2+Br2⟶CH2Br−CH2Br\text{H}_2\text{C}=\text{CH}_2 + \text{Br}_2 \longrightarrow \boxed{\text{CH}_2\text{Br}-\text{CH}_2\text{Br}}

Part ii

CH3−CH=CH−CH3\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3

  1. The given poly(alkene) has a repeating unit where two carbon atoms are linked by a single bond, and each carbon is bonded to one hydrogen and one methyl group (CH3CH_3).

  2. To deduce the monomer, we reverse the polymerization process.

    The single bond between the two carbons in the repeating unit becomes a double bond, and the bonds connecting to other repeating units are removed.
    The repeating unit is −[C(CH3)H−C(CH3)H]−-[\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)\text{H}-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)\text{H}]-.
    The monomer is formed by placing a double bond between these two carbons:

    CH3−CH=CH−CH3\boxed{\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3}

Part iii

CH3−CH2−CH(OH)−CH3\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}(\text{OH})-\text{CH}_3

  1. Butanol (an alcohol) can be made from butene (an alkene) through a hydration reaction, which is the addition of water across the double bond.

    This reaction typically requires a catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and heat.

  2. For but-1-ene (CH3−CH2−CH=CH2CH_3-CH_2-CH=CH_2), the addition of water (H2OH_2O) will primarily form butan-2-ol.

    CH3−CH2−CH=CH2+H2O→H2SO4/heatCH3−CH2−CH(OH)−CH3\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4/\text{heat}} \boxed{\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}(\text{OH})-\text{CH}_3}

Part iv

CH3−CH3\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3

  1. An alkene can be converted into an alkane through a hydrogenation reaction.

    This involves the addition of hydrogen gas (H2H_2) across the carbon-carbon double bond.

  2. This reaction requires a catalyst, typically nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), or palladium (Pd), and heat.

    The double bond breaks, and a hydrogen atom adds to each carbon atom, forming a single bond.
    Using ethene as an example:

    CH2=CH2+H2→Ni/heatCH3−CH3\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{H}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{Ni/heat}} \boxed{\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3}
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