This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Step 1: State Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes. Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes states that when gases react together, the ratio between the volumes of the reactant gases and the gaseous products can be expressed in simple whole numbers, provided that the temperature and pressure remain constant. Step 2: Show how the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water vapor supports Gay-Lussac's law. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: 2H_2(g) + O_2(g) 2H_2O(g) According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, 2 volumes of hydrogen react with 1 volume of oxygen to produce 2 volumes of water vapor. Given: Volume of hydrogen (V_H_2) = 100 cm^3 Volume of oxygen (V_O_2) = 50 cm^3 The ratio of the volumes of reacting gases is: V_H_2V_O_2 = 100 cm^350 cm^3 = (2)/(1) The ratio of 2:1 is a simple whole number ratio, which supports Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes. Step 3: State Avogadro's Law. Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules. Step 4: Define molar volume of a gas. Molar volume of a gas is the volume occupied by one mole of any gas at a specific temperature and pressure. At Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), the molar volume of any ideal gas is approximately 22.4 dm^3. Step 5: Calculate the volume occupied by 2 moles of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP). At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 dm^3. Volume for 2 moles = Number of moles × Molar volume at STP V = 2 mol × 22.4 dm^3mol V = 44.8 dm^3 The volume occupied by 2 moles of a gas at STP is 44.8 dm^3. Step 6: Verify Avogadro's law if 5.6 dm^3 of a gas contains 0.25 moles at STP. To verify Avogadro's law, we calculate the molar volume from the given data: Molar volume = VolumeNumber of moles Molar volume = 5.6 dm^30.25 mol Molar volume = 22.4 dm^3mol Since the calculated molar volume (22.4 dm^3/mol) matches the standard molar volume of a gas at STP, this data verifies Avogadro's law. Step 7: State Dalton's law of partial pressure. Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. Step 8: Calculate the total pressure of the mixture. According to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures: Total Pressure (P_total) = Partial Pressure of O_2 (P_O_2) + Partial Pressure of N_2 (P_N_2) + Partial Pressure of CO_2 (P_CO_2) Given: P_O_2 = 200 mmHg P_N_2 = 500 mmHg P_CO_2 = 100 mmHg P_total = 200 mmHg + 500 mmHg + 100 mmHg P_total = 800 mmHg The total pressure of the mixture is 800 mmHg. Send me the next one 📸