What is hybridization

Hybridization is a concept in valence bond theory that explains how atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the qualitative description of atomic bonding properties. These hybrid orbitals have different shapes and orientations than the original atomic orbitals.

For example, in methane (CH₄), the carbon atom undergoes hybridization. Its one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals combine to form four equivalent sp³ hybrid orbitals. These sp³ orbitals are arranged tetrahedrally around the carbon atom, allowing it to form four single bonds with hydrogen atoms.